Pollution in River Ganga: Issues and Challenges

India Habitat Centre, New Delhi
December 12, 2014
International Conference on Clean Ganga Mission:

Opportunities & Challenges
Pollution in River Ganga:

Issues and Challenges
Realizing Vision of
Mission Nirmal Dhara
or
Mission Un-Polluted Flow
India Habitat Centre

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Ganga River Basin Management Plan

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Substantive Objective of
Namami Gange & GRBMP
The restoration of wholesomeness of all rivers

of the Ganga River Basin
Wholesomeness in this context shall mean the ensuring
of the sanctity of the river system as imbibed in the
Aviral Dharafollowing
points
(meaning
Continuous
Flow)
Nirmal Dhara (meaning Unpolluted
Flow):
Geologic Entity
Ecological Entity
the above objective must be achieved notwithstanding

any pressures, including those arising from population
growth, urbanization, industrial and agricultural
activities in the Ganga River Basin
Dr Vinod Tare

New Delhi

IIT Kanpur
Issues and Concerns of the NRGB

Environment
at
io
n
In
du
st
ria
liz
at
io
Water
Overuse
n
tio
d
llu
Po erloa
Ov
Ge
Dis olog
rup ic
tio
n
Ur
ba
ni
z
River Basin
or
Watershed r-
Lifestyle Changes
Five Major Types of

Degradation Factors
er n
iv i o
R i l at
ut
M
/
on
i
t
n
ta
es datio
r
fo u
De Den
de ent
n
U m
er ish
t
a n
W ple
Re
e&
ur
t
l
u
ric
Ag
ra
Ru
s
itie
v
i
ct
lA
Major Human Activities

Affecting the Aquatic
Environment of NRGB
What are we targeting?
Environmental Flows to be maintained in all rivers and tributaries of

Ganga River System to fulfill their geological, ecological, socioeconomic and cultural functions.
Water quality in all rivers and tributaries of Ganga River

System to be consistent with their governing geological,
ecological, socio-economic and cultural functions.
Water and other aquatic resources of the Ganga River
System to be used judiciously to enable sustainable
development in the entire NRGB.
All existing, ongoing and planned anthropogenic activities in NRGB

to be reviewed or scrutinized in a transparent and inclusive manner
(with broad consensus of all affected people and stakeholders) for
the overall health of NRGB.

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Vision and Implementation

Nirmal
Dhara
Aviral
Dhara
VISION
Nirma
l
Dhara
Avir
al
Dhar
a
Geolo
gic
Entity

New Delhi
Ecologic
al Entity
MISSIONS
Sustainable
Agriculture
River Hazards
Management
Ecological
Restoration
Basin
Protection
Against
Disasters
Geological
Safeguardin
g
Environmenta
l KnowledgeBuilding and
Sensitization

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Goals
Sustained Growth
Zero Defect and Zero Effect

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Paradigm Shift
Sewage and Industrial Effluents are important
sources of water to be thrown into the nallahs
and rivers
Long distance conveyance and pumping costs
are high and should move towards Decentralized
Approach
High Level of Treatment or Reuse/Recycle or ZLD
Valuation of Water and Water Pricing

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Un-polluted Flow
Point
Wastes
Non Point
Solid
(non-point)
Liquid
Agriculture
(non-point)
Domestic
Old
Cities
Tanneries
Villages
New
Sewage
Collection
New Delhi
Textile
Industrial
Pulp & Paper

Sugar & Distillery
Treatment
Small
Drains
Open Defecation

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Water Quality Issues

Much less dry weather (October through June)
flows
Sewage and Industrial wastes much higher than
the dry weather flows in almost all tributaries
Almost all municipalities and industries violate
existing Effluent Discharge Norms (particularly of
TDS)
Higher degree of treatment required for both
sewage and industrial wastes
Over allocation of water and how to save water for
ecological needs of rivers
New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Sewage and Industrial

Effluents: Estimates
Industrial
Textile
Tanneries
Pulp & Paper
Sugar & Distillery
Sewage: 12,000 MLD

Industrial Effluents: 3000 MLD
Investment on STPs : INR 120 Billion (US$ 20b)
Investment on ETPs: INR 300 Billion (US$ 50 b)

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Major Industrial Effluents

Mixture of Salt (0.5 - 5 %), Sugar (0.1 - 5 %) and Water
(90 to 99+ %) with some toxic organics and inorganics
Efforts and Costs in separation
Share of Capital Investment in Tariff is much less but Capital
Investments are high and need to be supported
CETPs to Cluster of ETPs

Water Producing Industries
SPVs
Professional Service Providers
Business Partnership with Government Care

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Sewage and Industrial Effluents:

Strategy and Consequences
Reuse and Recycle and move toward ZLD
Internalize Environmental Costs
Value and Pricing of water to be much higher than
cost of recycling industrial effluents
Marginal reduction in profits, partially pass on cost
to the consumers (polluter pays principle)
Soft loans for ETPs and CETPs
Enable sustained industrial growth

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Realization
Water is an Important Resource/
Raw Material
Environmental Good Governance
and
Not
Anti-pollution
Drive
through Policing

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
River Conservation & Development:

Conflicting or Synergistic
Go S
ve tat
Politicians,
rn e
m
Bureaucrats &
en
t
Technocrats
Local
Government
Central
Government
Implementation
Challenge
Consultants,
Contractors &
Vendors

New Delhi
Coordination!
Actors
and their
Interests
g
in
ut es
e c ci
Ex gen
A
C
Ac SO
ti
vi &
st
s
De-aligned Interests
Media
Confused
Aam Admi!

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur
Thank You !

New Delhi

Dr Vinod Tare
IIT Kanpur

Pollution in River Ganga: Issues and Challenges

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India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

December 12, 2014

International Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: