ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION

Environmental Pollution
Definition Of Environmental Pollution:
Environmental pollution is the contamination of the
physical and
biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to
such an extent that normal environmental processes are
adversely
affected.

Types Of Environmental
Pollution

There are three major types of environmental

pollution:

Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil pollution (contamination)

AIR POLLUTION
Air pollutionis the introduction into
theatmosphereofchemicals,particulate
matter, orbiological materialsthat cause
discomfort, disease, or death to humans,
damage other living organisms such as food
crops, or damage the natural environment
orbuilt environment .
Smoke from chimneys, automobile exhaust,
burning of fossil fuels and forest fires result
in air pollution

Some of the most important air

pollutants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) and airborne
particles, with radioactive pollutants probably
among the most destructive ones (specifically
when produced by nuclear explosions).
Due to increase in the volume of these gases
in atmosphere the ozone layer is depleting
because of which the ultraviolet rays of sun
are reaching us and causing damage to our
skin, eyes and other organs.

WATER POLLUTION
Water pollutionis the contamination
ofwaterbodies
(e.g.lakes,rivers,oceans,aquifers and
groundwater). Water pollution occurs
whenpollutantsare discharged directly or
indirectly into water bodies without
adequatetreatmentto remove harmful
compounds.

The main sources of water pollution are1. Effluent outfalls from factories, refineries, waste
treatment plants etc.. that emit fluids of varying
quality directly into urban water supplies.
Oil Spill
2. Oil spills.
3. In villages people have baths in the river, they
wash their clothes and utensils there because of
which the river water gets polluted.
4. In holy rivers like Ganga people have baths.
They also immerse the dead bodies in the river
because of which the water gets severely
polluted.
5. In cities the people throw food wrappers and
other wastes in the water bodies which pollutes
Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill
the water. This is the reason why Mumbais
Mithi river is very polluted.

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VILLAGERS HAVING
BATH IN OF
RIVER
POLLUTION
RIVERS BY CITIES

GANGA POLLUTION
MUMBAIS MITHI
RIVER

SOIL POLLUTION
Soil contaminationorsoilpollutionis caused
by the presence ofxenobiotic(human-made)
chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil
environment. It is typically caused by industrial
activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper
disposal ofwaste. The most common chemicals
involved are petroleumhydrocarbons, polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons (such as naphthalene and
benzo(a)pyrene),solvents, pesticides,lead, and
otherheavy metals. Contamination is correlated
with the degree of industrializationand intensity of
chemical usage.

Soil contamination can be caused by:

Corrosion ofunderground storage
tanks(including piping used to transmit the
contents)
Application ofpesticidesandfertilizers
Mining
Oil and fuel dumping
Disposal ofcoal ash
Leaching fromlandfills
Direct discharge ofindustrial wastesto the soil
Drainage of contaminated surface water into
the soil

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Mining coal pollutes the

environment

Coal Ash pollutes the

forests

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION

1. Air Pollution- Air pollution has serious effects on environment

as well as human health. They are:
i.
Acid rainis precipitation containingGreenhouse
harmful amounts of nitric
and sulfuric acids. These acids are formed
primarily by nitrogen
EffectRain
Acid
oxides and sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere when
fossil fuels are burned.
Asthma can be
ii. Hazeis caused when sunlight encounters tiny pollution
caused
particles in the air. Haze obscures
the clarity, color, texture, and
form of what we see.
iii. Effects on wildlife.Toxic pollutants in the air, or deposited on
soils or surface waters, can impact wildlife in a number of ways.
Like humans, animals can experience health problems if they
are exposed to sufficient concentrations of air toxics over
time.Respiratory problems, reduced lung functioning are
certain problems
which can occur in the people.
HAZE
Global
iv. Ozone depletion- This is a layer present in the
Heath Warming
effects
of protects
air
atmosphere
which
us from the harmful
Pollution rays of the sun which can cause skin cancer.
ultraviolet
But due to the air pollutants this layer is getting

2. Water Pollution- Its effects are as follows:i. Water bodies like lakes and rivers are polluted
Fishes
die due
to
which results in the death
of
marine
animals
Typhoid
pollution
like fishes, turtles, whales,water
dolphins
etc.
ii. Oil spills not only harm marine animals but
they also affect precipitation rate.
A Eutrophicated
lakeby humans
iii. If the polluted water is consumed
then water-borne diseases like typhoid,
cholera, dysentery.
Death of fishes due
eutrophication
iv. When
the
pesticides after surface runoff reach
A oil to
spill
affected
the
lakes, they lead to the growth of algae
Duck
afterdied
sometime
covers the whole lake
Awhich
child who
due
to
consumption
of of oxygen the animals die.
and
due to lack
polluted water

3. Soil Pollution- Its effects are:Cows die by

i. The waste from landfill
eatingleaches
plastic and causes
contaminates the bags
groundwater.
ii. Certain animals like cows eat waste like plastic bags
and die.
iii. It emits foul odour and becomes breeding ground
for mosquitoes.
iv. The waste on a landfill reduces the fertility of the
soil.
v. Pesticides, benzene, chromium and weed
killers
A lukemia
affected
sprayed on the field are carcinogens girl
which have
been established to lead to all kinds of cancer. Longterm benzene exposure is responsible for irregular
menstrual cycles in women, leukemia and anemia.
Pesticides like DDT are
carcinogens (cancer
causing substance)

Presented By:
URVIL SHAH
CLASS: 10-1
Roll no-34

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MADE BYURVIL SHAH