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Cardiomegaly
Normal
Cardiomegaly
Cardiomegaly AP view
Modality:X-ray
AP and lateral chest x-rays demonstrate markedly enlarged
cardiacsilhouette. There is a double contour to the right heart
border and splaying of the carina.
Cardiomegaly CT Scan
Single image from a
CT (obtained for
unrelated reasons) at
the level of the heart
confirms
cardiomegaly, with
dilatation of all
chambers (the left
atrium most
prominent). No
pericardial effusion.
Left atrialenlargement
Acquired
Mitral stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Left ventricular failure
Left atrial myxoma
Congenital
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Left atrialenlargement
Right Atrial
Enlargement
Right atrial enlargementis less common, and
harder to delineate on chest radiograph, thanleft
atrial enlargement
Causes
Raised right ventricular pressures
pulmonary arterial hypertension
cor pulmonale
Valvular disease
tricuspid regurgitation
tricuspid stenosis
Ebstein's anomaly
AP view
Lateral
view
LEFT VENTRICULAR
ENLARGEMENT
Pressure overload: HTN,
AS
Volume overload: VSD,
AR, MR
Aneurysm
Cardiomyopathy
PA CXR
LAT CXR
RIGHT VENTRICULAR
ENLARGEMENT
PV stenosis
Cor pulmonale
ASD
Tricuspid regurgitation
Secondary to LVF
PA CXR
Only extreme dilatation
causes signs on frontal view
Straightening/ convexity of
left upper cardiac contour
Upturned cardiac apex
Left upper cardiac margin
parallels left main stem
bronchus as a long convex
curvature
Large appearance of main
pulmonary artery
Occurs higher on the left
heart border b/w left
ventricular contour and
pulmonary outflow tract
LAT CXR
Prominent convexity of ant heart
border >1/3 distance from anterior
cardiophrenic sulcus to sternal angle
Increased size prominent in
retrosternal area
Thank you
Reference:
Radiopaedia.org