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Spring 2003
Lecture #10
Jacob White
(Slides thanks to A. Willsky, T. Weiss,
Q. Hu, and D. Boning)
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Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
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The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
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DTFT Derivation (Continued)
Define
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DTFT Derivation (Home Stretch)
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DT Fourier Transform Equations
– Analysis Equation
– DTFT
– Synthesis Equation
– Inverse DTFT
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Transform Requirements
• Synthesis Equation:
– Finite Integration Interval, X must be finite
• Analysis Equation:
– Need conditions analogous to CTFT, e.g.
— Finite energy
— Absolutely summable
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Examples
Unit Samples
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Decaying Exponential
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Rectangular Pulse
FIR LPF
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Ideal DT LPF
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DTFTs of Periodic Functions
Complex Exponentials
Recall CT result:
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DTFT of General Periodic Functions Using FS
FS
by
superposition
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DTFT of Sine Function
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DTFT of DT Unit Sample Train
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Time and Frequency Shifting
Example
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Time Reversal and Conjugate Symmetry
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Time Expansion
7) Time Expansion Time scale in CT is
Recall CT property: infinitely fine
But in DT: x[n/2] makes no sense
x[2n] misses odd values of x[n]
But we can “slow” a DT signal down by inserting zeros:
k — an integer ≥ 1
x(k)[n] — insert (k - 1) zeros between successive values
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Time Expansion (continued)
— Stretched by a factor
of k in time domain
— compressed by a factor
of k in frequency domain
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Differentiation and Parsevals
8) Differentiation in Frequency
Multiplication Differentiation
by n in frequency
9) Parseval’s Relation
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The Convolution Property
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Ideal Low Pass Filter
(Reminder)
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Composing Filters Using DTFT
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Conclusions
• DTFT maps from discrete-time function to
continuous frequency function.
• DTFT is 2pi periodic.
• Many similar properties to CTFT (linearity, time-
frequency shifting) with small differences
• Convolution in Time, Multiplication in Fourier and
vice-versa.
• Fourier picture makes filters easy to manipulate
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