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February, 2011
Summary
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011
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Some accidents at AM
Fall On Stairs / stair / 07/10/2010
The employee and his co-worker went, as per the request of the
operations center, to repair defective lights of the belt conveyor routes.
When arriving to the workplace the employee found out that the bulb and
the holder were defective. In order to switch off the electrical current he
went to the electrical substation. When walking down the staircase, while
holding the hand rail at the same time, his put his left leg on a pieces of
coke and sprained his ankle.
Fall On Stairs / Fall of person / 02/02/2010
After his work on line no.4 of CCM, employee fell down the stairs towards
the controlling console injuring his right knee.
Fall On Stairs / stair / 21/09/2010
The employee was checking the technology on the 4th floor of the sinter
plant /JRH/. When returning back to the 3rd floor his leg slipped on the
edge of the last footstep and he wrongly stepped on the concrete floor of
the 3rd floor. Upon this movement he felt pain in his right ankle.
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The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that over 20% of all
compensable industrial injuries result from slips and falls.
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Safety in Construction
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011
EN ISO 14122
OHSA
AM ST 201 H&S Design Specifications
Local specifications for the safe design and
construction of fixed general industrial stairs
Other requirements and other directives may be
applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this document.
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Climbing height: vertical distance between the ref; level and the landing (H)
Flight: uninterrupted sequence of steps between two landings
Going: hor. Distance between the step nosing of two consecutive steps (g)
Headroom: min. vertical distance, clear of all obstacles above the pitch line (e)
Landing: horizontal resting area situated at the end of a flight
Pitch line: theoretical line indicating the average path of the users of the stairs or step ladders,
drawn at the nosing of steps (p)
Overlap: diff. between the depth of the step and the going
Angle of pitch: slope of the stair or step ladder (alfa)
Step: horizontal surfaces on which one places the foot to go up or down the stair or step ladder
Rise: height between two consecutive steps (h)
Nosing: top edge at the front of the step or landing
String: flanking framework element supporting the steps
Width: clear distance over the outside faces of the step (w)
Depth of step: clear distance from the leading edge or the nosing to the rear of the step (t)
Clearance: abs. min. clear distance between any obstacle and the pitch line measured at en
angle of 90 from it (c)
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Guard-rail
Device for protection against accidental fall or accidental access to a hazardous area,
with which stairs, step ladders or landings, platforms and walkways shall be equipped.
Must be installed at each unprotected side.
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degree
x (mm)
60
250
65
200
70
150
75
100
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OHSA:
Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be
equipped with standard railings or standard handrails
Withstanding a force of 200 pounds/ 91 kg.
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Slippery conditions on stairways shall be eliminated before the stairways are used to reach other levels.
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Main risks
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011
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February, 2011
Walkway: level surface used for moving from one point to another.
Working platform: level surface used for the operation, maintenance, inspection, repair,
sampling and other phases of work in connection with the machinery.
Slip resistant surface: flooring surface designed for improving the grip of footwear.
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General requirements
Gratings should provide;
a natural slip resistant walking surface
a high percent of open area allowing snow, water and oil to drain off easily
thus maintaining the slip resistant surface.
Gratings also allow excellent passage of heat and light and contribute to walkway
cleanliness.
Consider the following specifications:
Maximum load capacity
Connections
Overlap
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PURPOSE
This procedure is designed minimize fall and trip hazards associated with the removal
of floor gratings when performing maintenance or service tasks.
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PROCEDURE
(Good Practice)
No floor grating is to be removed from without first contacting the Safety Department
and obtaining a completed Grating Removal Permit / Authorization
Prior to grating removal and the start of work, the Safety Department will review the
procedures and protective measures required by the permit.
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Main risks
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011
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February, 2011
As slip, trip and fall hazards can present themselves anywhere and at anytime, always
practice the following safe behaviours on stairs, grating, .etc :
Slow down and take small careful steps if the surface is rough, cluttered, slippery or at an
angle.
Take extra care when stepping from rough to slippery surfaces:
Coming indoors with wet shoes.
Carry objects close to your body and below chest level so you can see over or around
what you are carrying.
Always hold the handrail on stairs (i.e., never carry objects requiring two hands on stairs).
Wear shoes and boots with good traction (especially on icy or wet surfaces).
When carrying things up or down the stairs make sure to have one hand on the rail.
In general use the right handrail when you descend or climb.
Dont carrying objects with both hands when using stairs.
Do not carry bulky objects that block your vision.
Be very cautious on stairs if you are wearing bifocal glasses.
Apply the so-called tennis racket grip at all times when possible
No use of cell phones when walking (AM ST 301)
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Safety Checks
Periodic checks and inspections of the stairs, gratings and railing fastening
methods must be done by trained employees. The findings must be kept in records
and corrective actions followed.
All unsafe remarks must be solved immediately
Broken or malfunctioning lighting should be repaired or replaced
Regular maintenance has to be realized.
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February, 2011
Checklist
General work environment
ok
corrective actions
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Checklist
PPE
ok
corrective actions
ok
corrective actions
Guard rails
Guardrails on surfaces elevated more than 20 inches above
floor or ground
Have guardrails a handrail, knee rail and a toe board.
Ensure there are sturdy handrails or guard rails on all
platforms, steps or stairs
Where standard railings are provided, do they meet the
specifications
Is every temporary floor opening guarded by a standard
railing or constantly attended by someone
Can self closing doors be opened without excessive force
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Checklist
Aisles and walkways
ok
corrective actions
Kept clear
Marked as appropriate
Wet surfaces covered with non-slip materials
Are there safe clearance for walking in walkways next to machinery, is
there a protection
Changes of direction or elevations readily identifiable
Adequate headroom provided
Sudden changes in floor surfaces are readily identifiable
Standard guardrails provided wherever required by law or standards
Bridges provided over conveyers and similar hazards equipped with proper
railing
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Checklist
Stairs an handrails
ok
corrective actions
Slippery steps
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011
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Checklist
Behavioral issues
ok
corrective actions
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Checklist
Lightning and visual safety
ok
corrective actions
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Checklist
Grating
ok
corrective actions
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References
http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~nedwards/chru/english/pdf/SafeStairsOct5.pdf
http://www.centerforhealthyhousing.org/stair_safety.pdf
OSHA 29 CFR 1926, Construction Industry Regulations
European standard EN ISO 14122
Ongevallen en Bewegingen in Nederland 2000-2005
Centers for disease control and prevention CDC-NIOSH 2004
Veiligheid en toegankelijkheid van gebouwen WTCB-Dossiers dec. 2005
Occupational Safety & Health Administration US OSHA
Safety Presentation Stairways by; Michael Perdome
Alberta Construction Safety Association SWP
SUVAPRO working safety
Inspectapedia; building code guide
Periodiek keuring van looproosters, bordessen, trappen en leuning; AM Gent
Retail and Fast Food; Controlling OHS Hazards and Risks Slips Trips and Falls
Guide to preventings slips, trips and falls; queensland Governement
Slips, trips and falls; ACTOccupational Health&Safety
Work area safety checklist; CERN Physics Department
National Safety Council US 2006
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