Sei sulla pagina 1di 54

Training Stairs, Hand Railings

and Steel Floor Grating

Corporate Health and Safety


ArcelorMittal

February, 2011

Summary
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Training Stairs and Hand Railings


1.
Some accidents at AM
2.
Why is stair design and construction so important
3.
Slips and falls
4.
Safety construction
5.
Terms and definitions stairs
6.
Safety requirements concerning materials and dimensions
7.
Safety requirements stairs
8.
Terms and definitions guard-rails
9.
Safety requirements guard-rails
10. Self closing gate/ swing gate
11. Safety requirements step ladders
12. Safety requirements guard-rails of stairs and step ladders
13. Safety requirements handrail
14. General risks
1.
Slip
2.
Slip resistants
3.
Steps and height
4.
Lighting and visibility
5.
Housekeeping
6.
Doors on a stairway
7.
Main risks
Training Steel Floor Grating
1.
Terms and defintions
2.
General construction requirements
3.
Hazards and risks
4.
Safety work instructions
5.
Floor grating removal procedure (example)
6.
Main risks
Behavior and checks
1.
Walk and work safely
2.
Safety checks
Checklist Slips, Trips, and Falls
references

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

I. Training Stairs and Hand Railings

Corporate Health and Safety


ArcelorMittal

February, 2011

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Some accidents at AM
Fall On Stairs / stair / 07/10/2010
The employee and his co-worker went, as per the request of the
operations center, to repair defective lights of the belt conveyor routes.
When arriving to the workplace the employee found out that the bulb and
the holder were defective. In order to switch off the electrical current he
went to the electrical substation. When walking down the staircase, while
holding the hand rail at the same time, his put his left leg on a pieces of
coke and sprained his ankle.
Fall On Stairs / Fall of person / 02/02/2010
After his work on line no.4 of CCM, employee fell down the stairs towards
the controlling console injuring his right knee.
Fall On Stairs / stair / 21/09/2010
The employee was checking the technology on the 4th floor of the sinter
plant /JRH/. When returning back to the 3rd floor his leg slipped on the
edge of the last footstep and he wrongly stepped on the concrete floor of
the 3rd floor. Upon this movement he felt pain in his right ankle.
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Why is stair design and construction so


Canada
( Michael Perdomo)
important?
Over 60% of death related accidents, for elderly, are from falling down stairs.
Around 10 children die each year as a result of some type of fall, mainly from stairs.
In Canada, falls on stairs account for about 10 percent of all fatal falls.
40% of all admissions to nursing homes are related to falling from stairs.
Falls account for an average of 5.1 million injuries and 6,000 deaths a year.
Europe Belgium
Walking up and down stairs is responsible for 7% of all accidents in private homes
UK
In the UK, there are over 500 deaths each year from stair related accidents in the
home. It is estimated that a further 250 000 non-fatal accidents take place on stairs
in the home each year. These accidents are serious enough to cause the victim to
visit their General Practitioner (GP) or Hospital Accident and Emergency
department. This is equivalent to a domestic accident on stairs occurring every 2.5
minutes. In addition, there are approximately 100 000 accidents on stairs in leisure
environments and a further 1 000 plus in the workplace. This is equivalent to a fall
on stairs in the UK occurring every 90 seconds.
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Why is stair design and construction so


important?
Velz and Hemphill (1953) found a 15% no uniformity on all stairs, and 75% on
stairs where accidents had occurred.
Svanstrom (1973) found that 39% of the accident stairs had a variation in riser
height. Tread depth irregularities occurred in 47,6% of the accidents.
One of the biggest problems with stairs is that the top or bottom riser is sometimes
substantially different. These dimensional variations are considerable and yet
apparently not sufficient to be visually obvious. So good adapted lightning at those
spots are also very important.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Slips and falls!

!
!
d
!
!
e
t
s
c
u
u
o
r
r
t
e
s
g
n
n
o
a
c
d
ly re
r
o
a
o
p
s
r
i
y
a
h
t
s
w
d
s
i
e
s
n
i
i
h nta
T
!
i
!
!
a
!
!!
m
d
n
a

The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that over 20% of all
compensable industrial injuries result from slips and falls.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

Safety in Construction
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

EN ISO 14122
OHSA
AM ST 201 H&S Design Specifications
Local specifications for the safe design and
construction of fixed general industrial stairs
Other requirements and other directives may be
applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this document.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

Terms and Definitions Stairs (EN ISO 14122-3:2001)

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Stairs and step ladders


Succession of horizontal levels
(steps or landings) allowing
passage on foot from one level to
another composed of the following
elements, shown in Figure and
explained in detail in next slides.
Scope
This includes interior and exterior stairs
around machinery, tanks, and other
equipment, and stairs leading to or from
floors, platforms or pits. This does not
apply to stairs used for fire exit
purposes, to construction operations, to
private residences, or to articulated
stairs, such as may be installed on
floating roof tanks, the angle of which
changes with the rise and fall of the
base support.
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Terms and Definitions Stairs (EN ISO 14122-3:2001)

Climbing height: vertical distance between the ref; level and the landing (H)
Flight: uninterrupted sequence of steps between two landings
Going: hor. Distance between the step nosing of two consecutive steps (g)
Headroom: min. vertical distance, clear of all obstacles above the pitch line (e)
Landing: horizontal resting area situated at the end of a flight
Pitch line: theoretical line indicating the average path of the users of the stairs or step ladders,
drawn at the nosing of steps (p)

Overlap: diff. between the depth of the step and the going
Angle of pitch: slope of the stair or step ladder (alfa)
Step: horizontal surfaces on which one places the foot to go up or down the stair or step ladder
Rise: height between two consecutive steps (h)
Nosing: top edge at the front of the step or landing
String: flanking framework element supporting the steps
Width: clear distance over the outside faces of the step (w)
Depth of step: clear distance from the leading edge or the nosing to the rear of the step (t)
Clearance: abs. min. clear distance between any obstacle and the pitch line measured at en
angle of 90 from it (c)

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

10

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Safety requirements concerning materials and


dimensions
General:
Able to resist corrosion
Satisfactory slip resistance for steps and landings
Opening or closing of moving parts shall not cause further
hazards (gates, doors,.)
Assembly must provide sufficient rigidity and stability to
ensure safety
Steps and structure must resist the intended imposed loads

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

11

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Safety Requirements Stairs


(EN ISO) The angle of pitch should be between 30 and 38.
And: 600mm <= g + 2h (going + 2 x rise) <= 660mm
(OHSA) The angle of pitch in the stairway should be between 30 and 50, this varying
degree of rise requires different riser heights and different depth of steps.
Overlap >= 10mm
Rise must be constant, exceptional it may be reduced by a max. of 15%
Uppermost step shall be level with the landing

Headroom e > 2300mm; clearance c > 1900mm


Clear width min. 600 mm but preferably 800mm 1000mm
Exception of min 500mm justified by the risk assessment (occasionally used and
short distance)
Climbing height < 3000mm (if there is an other flight, install a landing)
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

12

Terms and Definitions Guard-rails (EN ISO 14122-3:2001)

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Guard-rail
Device for protection against accidental fall or accidental access to a hazardous area,
with which stairs, step ladders or landings, platforms and walkways shall be equipped.
Must be installed at each unprotected side.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

13

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Safety requirements guard-rails


f
f
o
i e-

t
d
e
r
e
a
e
n
g
i
n
n
g
i
o
r
i
n
i
t
e
a r uc
p
e
e
st
u d or r
l
n
i
c
k s.
in ing
r
y
o
l
l
a
i
l
w
a
a
m st
r
e
f
h
d
a
n
r
ic n i
s
a
h
u
a
e
w
g
ll
(
h
a
e
t
n
w
h
s
o
t
i
d
n
t
I
e
n
c ui r
.
o
l
e
i
t
k
a
o
q
r
r
r
e
o
d
P
r
r
w
l
a
l
Fa nts) is le gu m to
e
b
t
When
of thespossible
fall > 500mm, a guard-rail shall be installed
a
poi theoheight
v t sy
rem ermi
p
or
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

14

Safety requirements guard-rails


Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Interrupted handrail, 75 min. 120


max.
Access, self-closing gates!
No sharp edges at ends

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

15

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Self closing gate / Swing gate


Part of the guard-rail which is intended to be opened easily. When the gate is
released, it will close automatically using e.g. the effect of gravity or a spring.
Swing gate;
Self closing
Installed so that a deliberate action is required to open the swing gate, to access
the hazard contained by guardrail. It shall not be possible to access the hazard by
pushing or leaning on the gate.
Installed at the top of a staircase or vertical ladder when work is performed at the
top and a danger of falling exists.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

16

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Safety Requirements Step ladders

Step depth t = min. 80mm


Max. rise h = 250mm
Clearance c > 850mm
Clear width between stringers or guard-rails 450mm 800mm preferably 600mm

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

17

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Safety requirements step ladders

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

degree

x (mm)

60

250

65

200

70

150

75

100

18

Safety requirements guard-rails of stairs and step


ladders
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

At least one handrail


Width > 1200mm = two handrails
Climbing height > 500mm = guardrail!

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

19

Safety requirements Handrail


Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Stair handrails - Canadian Requirements


The prime function of the handrail is for holding as support
while going up or down stairs.
It is therefore crucial to be able to grasp it quickly, easily and
firmly if you should start losing your balance.
Firmly fastened
You should be able to run your hand smoothly along the
entire length without having to adjust your grip. You should
apply the so-called "tennis-racket grip" at all times when
possible
Stair rail systems and handrails must be surfaced to prevent
injuries such as punctures or lacerations and to keep
clothing from snagging.

OHSA:
Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be
equipped with standard railings or standard handrails
Withstanding a force of 200 pounds/ 91 kg.
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

20

General risks Slip


Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Slippery conditions on stairways shall be eliminated before the stairways are used to reach other levels.

Avoid accumulation of water on walking surface,


assure drainage! Weather conditions!

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

21

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General risks Slip Resistant's


Treads must be constructed of slip resistant material while the nosing must be of
nonslip material. While most accidents (falls and trips) happens on the first or last step
of stairs it is a good practice to color the nosing in a highlighting color.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

22

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General risks Steps and Height


Stairs tend to experience higher hazards when that are built too high (over 7 inches) or
not deep enough (under 11 inches).
Each riser height and tread depth must be kept the same, because variations lead to
trips and falls.
Having too many steps (more than 10) without a landing, can lead to fatigue which
increases the risk of falls.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

23

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General risks Lighting and Visibility


Use angular lighting and color contrast
Lightning must be adapted to the environment, especially on landings and end steps.
Avoid patterned floors that may visually hide differences in depth

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

24

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General risks Housekeeping


Housekeeping; nothing should be sticking out the surface of stairs
All parts of stairways shall be free of hazardous projections, keep stairways clean and
free of objects.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

25

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General risks Doors on a stairway


Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, a platform shall be provided, and
the swing of the door shall not reduce the effective width of the platform to less than 20
inches.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

26

Main risks
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Lack of maintenance of stairs, falling down when walking on it.


Accidents caused by slips, trips, falls, twisting, due to uneven surfaces and
badly designed stairs or improper use
Punctures or lacerations
Keep clothing from snagging due to bad design of the stair rail or handrail

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

27

17 February 2011
JRem_2011
28

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

II. Training Steel Floor Grating

Corporate Health and Safety


ArcelorMittal

February, 2011

Terms and Definitions


Flooring: assembly of elements making up the floor of a walkway or a working platform and
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

being in direct contact with footwear.

Walkway: level surface used for moving from one point to another.
Working platform: level surface used for the operation, maintenance, inspection, repair,
sampling and other phases of work in connection with the machinery.

Slip resistant surface: flooring surface designed for improving the grip of footwear.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

30

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General construction requirements (EN)


Dimensioning and selection of components (including fixings, connections, supports
and foundations) to ensure sufficient rigidity and stability
Resistance of all parts to environmental effects (such as climate, chemical agents,
corrosive gases) e.g. by the use of a corrosion resistant material or with the aid of a
suitable protective coating
Positioning of constructional elements so that water cannot be accumulated e.g. in the
joints
Use of compatible materials e.g. to minimise galvanic or differential thermal expansion
Dimension of walkways and working platforms shall be according to available
anthropometric data
Designed end constructed to prevent the hazards due to falling objects
The removal of any part of the machine shall, as far as practicable, be possible without
removing flooring
Walkways and working platform shall be designed and built in such a way that the
walking surface have durable slip resistant properties

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

31

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General construction requirements (EN)


Headroom over walkways and working platforms shall be 2100mm
Exceptions 1; due to a risk assessment and restrictions due to the machinery or
environment.. No less than 1900mm; only if occasionally used or only for a short
distance.
Clear width min. 600mm but preferably 800mm. If usually crossing of several persons
simultaneously, increased to 1000mm.
Exception 2; due to a risk assessment and restrictions due to the machinery or
environment.. No less than 500mm; only if occasionally used or only for a short
distance
Warning signs to indicate these exceptions should be considered!

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

32

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

General requirements
Gratings should provide;
a natural slip resistant walking surface
a high percent of open area allowing snow, water and oil to drain off easily
thus maintaining the slip resistant surface.
Gratings also allow excellent passage of heat and light and contribute to walkway
cleanliness.
Consider the following specifications:
Maximum load capacity
Connections
Overlap

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

33

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Hazards and risks


Accumulation:
The design must drained away all liquids and/or substances (e.g. snow).
Trip and slip:
To avoid trip hazards, the greatest difference between the tops of neighbouring
flooring surfaces shall not exceed 4 mm in height.
Slip resistance material
Falling objects:
Openings max. 35mm diameter
Above a place where people are working, openings max. 20mm diameter
No openings due to a risk assessment (e.g. more risk for slipping)
Joints: toe plate is necessary if the distance between flooring and element exceeds
30mm.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

34

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Hazards and risks


Falling through flooring hazard:
Gratings are detachable elements i.e. removable, e.g. where required for
maintenance or replacement:
Any hazardous movement of these elements shall be prevented e.g. by
fasteners
It shall be possible to inspect fixings in order to detect any corrosion or any
hazardous loosening or change of position of clamps

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

35

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Safety Work Instructions


There must be a written procedure which describes how to perform a removal
of floor gratings in a safe manner e.g.:
removal permit / authorization
install barricades IMMEDIATELY after any removal of grating
fall protection
no use of cell phone (cf. AM Safety ST 301)
ribbon off hazardous area
adequate lighting to illuminate the opening
warn signs
inform other personnel in the area
PPE
no opening shall stay open beyond the end of a shift
no opening shall ever be left unguarded post a watch if necessary, etc.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

36

Floor Grating Removal Procedure


Example!
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

PURPOSE
This procedure is designed minimize fall and trip hazards associated with the removal
of floor gratings when performing maintenance or service tasks.

e
l
p
m
a
S

PROCEDURE
(Good Practice)
No floor grating is to be removed from without first contacting the Safety Department
and obtaining a completed Grating Removal Permit / Authorization
Prior to grating removal and the start of work, the Safety Department will review the
procedures and protective measures required by the permit.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

37

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

For grating removal, ALL the following requirements


shall apply:
I. Never remove or leave a piece of grating out without first installing a rigid barricade,
guardrail or equivalent, which will entirely encompass the opening, or properly cover
the opening.
A. If covers are utilized, they must:
Be constructed as to adequately support without failure, at least twice the
weight of any person(s) and /or equipment that it may use in maintenance
or servicing.
Be cleated, or secured by means of wire tie downs, clips or other equivalent
fastening method.
Have some means of warning by identifying the hazard on the cover, such
as Floor Opening or Danger: Hole stenciled, painted or otherwise
prominently inscribed.

e
l
p
m
a
S

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

38

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

For grating removal, ALL the following requirements


shall apply:
I. Never remove or leave a piece of grating out without first installing a rigid barricade,
guardrail or equivalent, which will entirely encompass the opening, or properly cover
the opening.
B. If rigid barricading or guardrail is used, it shall:
Be constructed of wood (2x4/38x89mm), angle iron or material of
comparable strength, or a combined system of components capable of
achieving the same, e.g. wire rope and stanchions
Have a complete top rail (no voids)
Have a top rail height of not less than 39 (0.9m) and not more than 42
(1.1m) above the grate floor
Have a complete mid rail installed at a point midway between the top edge
of the top rail and the grate floor
Be secured, self supporting and capable of withstanding all expected loads.
Have a toeboard, with exception to the designated access point to the
removed grate(s) openings

e
l
p
m
a
S

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

39

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

For grating removal, ALL the following requirements


shall apply:
II. Upon removal of grating
A. Ensure the remaining grates bordering the removed grate(s) opening are
protected from movement or slippage. The existing grating can be secured by
wiring down, installing clips or other means capable of being secured.
B. Set grating in an area as to not cause a tripping hazard or interfere with other
contractors or work activities
C. Stack grating away from the opening or no higher than the top of the toeboard as
to eliminate any chance of it being knocked into or across the opening.
D. Stacks shall be organized and uniform and not present a safety hazard

e
l
p
m
a
S

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

40

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

For grating removal, ALL the following requirements


shall apply:
III. Additional measures
A. When working in the area of removed grating, ensure adequate lighting is
provided to illuminate the opening
B. Warn and inform other personnel in the area of the removed grating
C. When re-installing gratings, ensure that it is correctly positioned and fastened.
D. Take additional precautions as necessary to prevent injury.
E. Leather work gloves are required when handling grating
F. All grating must be reinstalled at the completion of the work task or at the end of
the shift. No opening shall remain beyond the end of a shift, unless a new permit
is obtained.
G. No opening shall ever be left unguardedpost a watch if necessary.

e
l
p
m
a
S

NOTE: Any requirement for deviation or change to the above


procedure shall be submitted in writing to the safety department for
review and approval prior.
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

41

Main risks
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Falling in an open hole during the removal of gratings


No correctly re-positioned and fastened gratings are traps, falling down
Lack of maintenance of grating floors, falling down when walking on it.
Accidents caused by slip, trips, falls, due to uneven floors

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

42

III. Behavior and checks

Corporate Health and Safety


ArcelorMittal

February, 2011

Walk and Work Safely:

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

As slip, trip and fall hazards can present themselves anywhere and at anytime, always
practice the following safe behaviours on stairs, grating, .etc :
Slow down and take small careful steps if the surface is rough, cluttered, slippery or at an
angle.
Take extra care when stepping from rough to slippery surfaces:
Coming indoors with wet shoes.
Carry objects close to your body and below chest level so you can see over or around
what you are carrying.
Always hold the handrail on stairs (i.e., never carry objects requiring two hands on stairs).
Wear shoes and boots with good traction (especially on icy or wet surfaces).
When carrying things up or down the stairs make sure to have one hand on the rail.
In general use the right handrail when you descend or climb.
Dont carrying objects with both hands when using stairs.
Do not carry bulky objects that block your vision.
Be very cautious on stairs if you are wearing bifocal glasses.
Apply the so-called tennis racket grip at all times when possible
No use of cell phones when walking (AM ST 301)
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

44

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Safety Checks
Periodic checks and inspections of the stairs, gratings and railing fastening
methods must be done by trained employees. The findings must be kept in records
and corrective actions followed.
All unsafe remarks must be solved immediately
Broken or malfunctioning lighting should be repaired or replaced
Regular maintenance has to be realized.

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

45

IV. Checklist Slips, Trips, and Falls

Corporate Health and Safety


ArcelorMittal

February, 2011

Checklist
General work environment

ok

corrective actions

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Is there a documented and functioning housekeeping


program in place
Are the responsibilities for cleaning floors, stairs, gratings,
walkways clearly specified
Have responsible persons been nominated and trained to
maintain and inspect stairs, railings and gratings?
Are work surfaces kept dry
Spills cleaned up immediately according to proper
procedures
Are special actions done due to weather conditions; ice,
snow,
Combustible scrap and waste stored safely and removed
from the work floor
Accumulations of combustible dust routinely removed from
elevated surfaces e.g. gratings
Pits and floor openings covered or otherwise guarded
Are there damages on stairs, grating or handrails visual and
are they recent
Are stairs, walkways and gratings protected against
corrosion

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

47

Checklist
PPE

ok

corrective actions

ok

corrective actions

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Is the footwear worn by the workers suitable for the


task/workplace

Guard rails
Guardrails on surfaces elevated more than 20 inches above
floor or ground
Have guardrails a handrail, knee rail and a toe board.
Ensure there are sturdy handrails or guard rails on all
platforms, steps or stairs
Where standard railings are provided, do they meet the
specifications
Is every temporary floor opening guarded by a standard
railing or constantly attended by someone
Can self closing doors be opened without excessive force

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

48

Checklist
Aisles and walkways

ok

corrective actions

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Kept clear
Marked as appropriate
Wet surfaces covered with non-slip materials
Are there safe clearance for walking in walkways next to machinery, is
there a protection
Changes of direction or elevations readily identifiable
Adequate headroom provided
Sudden changes in floor surfaces are readily identifiable
Standard guardrails provided wherever required by law or standards

Bridges provided over conveyers and similar hazards equipped with proper
railing

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

49

Checklist
Stairs an handrails

ok

corrective actions

Slippery steps
Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

None or insecure handrails


Wet/hazardous steps and landings
Equipment & material stored on stairs
Poorly maintained or cleaned
Standard stair rails or handrails on all stairways having four or more rise (OHSA)
or higher than 50cm (EN)
Are all standard technical requirements for stairways implemented and known by
the concerned employees; wide, headroom,
Stair angle no more than 50 and no less than 30 degree (OHSA)
Steps on stairs have slip resistant material
Handrails have the required clearance between the handrails and the wall
Handrails capable to withstanding a load of 200 pounds, (OHSA), applied in any
direction
Where stairs or stairways exit directly into any area where vehicles may be
operated, are adequate barriers and warnings provided to prevent employees from
steeping into the path of traffic
Stairway landings have a dimension measured in the direction of travel, at least
equal to the width of the stairway
Stair bottom and top clear of swinging doors
Stairs that change direction have landing platforms
Stairs of uniform size and shape
Hand grips should be designed to allow for all persons to use a power grip
17 February 2011

JRem_2011

50

Checklist
Behavioral issues

ok

corrective actions

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Running or rushing around


Hands in the pockets
No use of provided handrails
Taking short cuts
Carrying large objects up/down that prevents the employee seeing the steps
beyond the load
Not looking where going
Carrying a load that prevents an employee from gripping a handrail
Sitting on handrail

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

51

Checklist
Lightning and visual safety

ok

corrective actions

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Are work areas, walkways and stairs well lit


Does the lighting enable workers to move between indoor and outdoor
tasks safely
Generator or battery powered emergency lighting available
Sudden changes in lighting levels occur between areas i.e. between
outdoors and a dimly lit stairwell
Distracting shadows on steps, stairs and walkways
Paint a bright strip (highlight) on nosing that is poorly defined visually
Ensure lighting is not directed so that it makes it difficult for pedestrians to
see

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

52

Checklist
Grating

ok

corrective actions

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

Is there a documented and functioning program for removal of gratings


Toe boards installed around the edges and permanent openings (e.g. tubes)
Material on elevated surfaces piled, stacked or racked in a manner to
prevent it from tipping, falling, collapsing, rolling or falling to a lower
position
Are all openings through which people can fall secured with barriers
Do temporally covers located on top of floor openings have sufficient load
capacity
Are sudden changes in grating floors surfaces clearly indicated
Are all clamps still installed and fixed
Are uneven, damaged floor surfaces regularly reviewed and maintained
The size of the opening in the grate should be small enough so as not to
allow a shoe heel to catch

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

53

Training stairs, rails, walkways and gratings 2011

References

http://aix1.uottawa.ca/~nedwards/chru/english/pdf/SafeStairsOct5.pdf
http://www.centerforhealthyhousing.org/stair_safety.pdf
OSHA 29 CFR 1926, Construction Industry Regulations
European standard EN ISO 14122
Ongevallen en Bewegingen in Nederland 2000-2005
Centers for disease control and prevention CDC-NIOSH 2004
Veiligheid en toegankelijkheid van gebouwen WTCB-Dossiers dec. 2005
Occupational Safety & Health Administration US OSHA
Safety Presentation Stairways by; Michael Perdome
Alberta Construction Safety Association SWP
SUVAPRO working safety
Inspectapedia; building code guide
Periodiek keuring van looproosters, bordessen, trappen en leuning; AM Gent
Retail and Fast Food; Controlling OHS Hazards and Risks Slips Trips and Falls
Guide to preventings slips, trips and falls; queensland Governement
Slips, trips and falls; ACTOccupational Health&Safety
Work area safety checklist; CERN Physics Department
National Safety Council US 2006

17 February 2011

JRem_2011

54

Potrebbero piacerti anche