Sei sulla pagina 1di 15

SLOT ANTENNA

BHAVIN V KAKANI
Institute of Technology, Nirma University

Introduction
Aslot antennaconsists of ametalsurface, usually a flat plate,
with a hole or slot cut out.
When the plate isdrivenas anantennaby a driving frequency, the
slot radiateselectromagnetic wavesin similar way to adipole
antenna
The shape and size of the slot, as well as the driving frequency,
determine theradiation distribution pattern.
Slot antennas are often used atUHFandmicrowavefrequencies
instead of line antennas when greater control of theradiation
patternis required.
Slot antennas are widely used inradarantennas, for thesector
antennas used forcell phone base stations.

Slot antennasare used typically at frequencies


between 300 MHz and 24 GHz.
The slot antenna is popular because they can be cut
out of whatever surface they are to be mounted on, and
have radiation patternsthat are roughly
omnidirectional.
The polarization of the slot antenna is linear. The slot
size, shape and what is behind it (the cavity) offer
design variables that can be used to tune performance.
A properly designed slot is efficient, radiating upto 90%
of the power in transmission line & with low sidelobes.

Slot array antennas have relatively narrow bandwidths.


Whether the slot is directly fed or excited by the
incident EF, the voltage is clearly zero at the ends and
maximum in the middle.
This is similar to half wave dipole, the voltage
distribution has the minimum at the centre and maxima
at the ends- the reverse of slot antenna.
The electric vector is parallel to the length of the dipole
instead of transverse.

Babinets Principle (Babinays Principle) or Complementary


Antenna

This principle relates the radiated fields and impedance


of an aperture or slot antenna to that of the field of its
dual antenna.
The dual of a slot antenna would be if the conductive
material and air were interchanged - that is, the slot
antenna became a metal slab in space.
Whenever a high frequency field exists across a very
narrow slot in an infinite conducting sheet, the energy is
radiating through a slot. This is the working principle of
a slot antenna.

a voltage source is applied across the short end of the slot antenna. This induces an E-field
distribution within the slot, and currents that travel around the slot perimeter, both contributed
to radiation. The dual antenna is similar to adipole antenna. The voltage source is applied at
the center of the dipole, so that the voltage source is rotated.

Babinet's principle relates these two antennas.


The first result states that theimpedanceof the slot antenna (Zs)is related to
the impedance of its dual antenna (Zc) by the relation:

SEE THE DERIVATION OF ABOVE FORMULA FROM THE BOOK.


eta is intrinsic impedance of free space.
A single half wavelength slot in a conducting sheet is analogous to half wave
dipole interms of gain and directivity with only difference in terms of polarization.
The horizontal slot produces vertical polarization in the direction normal to the
slot, while the vertical slot produces horizontal polarization.

slot impedance is proportional to the admittance of the


dipole.
If the slot requires inductance for impedance match,
the complementary dipole requires capacitance.

SEE NUMERICALS OF HORN ANTENNA FROM JD KRAUSS


AND K D PRASAD.

Horn Antenna

Introduction
It may be regarded as a flared out or opened out
waveguide.
A waveguide is capable of radiating radiation into open
space provided it is excited at one end and opened at
other end.
They are mostly used in microwave band (above 1
GHz).
They provide High Gain, Low VSWR, relatively high
bandwidth.

Types of Horn Antenna

If flaring is done in only one direction then sectorial


horn is produced.
E-plane sectorial and H-plane sectorial is the example.
If the flaring is done along both the walls(E&H) of the
rectangular waveguide then Pyramidal horn is
obtained.
By flaring the walls of a circular waveguide a conical
horn is formed.
The horn acts as a gradual transition from a waveguide
mode to a free-space mode of the EM wave.

Potrebbero piacerti anche