Methods of

Communication

Oralism

one method of teaching a deaf child; this

method does not allow the child to sign in or
out of the classroom
it focuses on teaching the children to read
speech cues, and focuses on teaching deaf
people to speak instead of sign.
it is the education of Deaf students through
oral language by using lip reading, speech
and mimicking the mouth shapes and
breathing patterns of speech instead of
using sign language within the classroom.

Justification and Advantages of

Oralism

Many parents have begun to recognize the

need for sign when the child is young, but still
want their children to be mainstreamed and
receive the training to learn speak and lip-read
so their children can fit into a hearing society.
Oralism tried to make it possible for the deaf
people to function normally in society.
Some advocates for oralism pointed at the
higher reading levels of students who were
taught with oralism methods over those who
were taught using manualism.

Oralism promises Deaf individuals steady

jobs and careers in a dominantly nonDeaf society.

Disadvantages of Oralism

It was a hindrance to the deaf culture

continuing to grow and develop.
Not everything that is being said by the
parent will get by the deaf child only 30 to
35 percent of the information will be
understand.
The amount of time and effort that is
required to achieve results.
Deaf students were unable to speechread
their teachers when they moved around the
classroom or faced the blackboard.

Total Communication

It is an educational philosophy of
communication and not a method.
It is a number of sign systems, such as
cued speech, were developed to convey
manual representations of English sentence
structure along with spoken language.
It is simultaneous communication and is the
most common form of communication used
in educational settings for Deaf children.

It is often the first approach

recommended because it encourages a
child to use evry available mode of
communication to both receive and
convey messages.
All of the system basically follow the
share of the same features.
1. they generally familiarize themselves with some ASL
or FSL for vocabulary
2. to convey grammatical concepts, that are not
expressed by separate signs language they invent new
signs
3. they also produce sentences that copy the syntactic
structure of English

Advantages of Total Communication

It can provide a safety net for children who

have difficulty following oral methods by using
English that is supported by sign.
It opens all roads and modes of
communication for the Deaf child
It allows flexibility without eliminating any
options.
It allows the child to choose the form that is
best for them in a given situation.
It also allows the child some form of
expressive communication.

Total communication requires daily activities

of auditory training and listening
techniques within every academic classroom
interaction.
Total communication also means providing a
consistent, functional and professional
acoustical amplification. It is imperative for
the audiologist to be a part of the hearing
impaired classroom team.

One of the big disadvantages associated

with Total Communication is that it tends
to limit a childs language experience.
Children are never exposed to complex
English or complexASL.

Educational Bilingual

Bilingual education is an approach to the

education of deaf children which uses both
the sign language of the deaf community
and the written/spoken language of the
hearing community.
*Individuals, who are Deaf, are
consideredbilingualif they are able to
communicate effectively in both American Sign
Language and English.
*They are consideredbiculturalif they are
capable of functioning in both the Deaf
community and the majority culture.

Justification of Educational
Bilingualism

It is modeled after English/Filipino as a second language

and foreign language interest program.
This program have admiration for both ASL/FSL and
English/Filipino.
ASL/FSL is used as the primarily language of instruction in
order to introduce it as the childs first language or the
mother tongue.
Deaf culture is an important aspect to the curriculum.
English language skills are taught after proficiency in
ASL/FSL is reached.
This approach is for all children, no matter what there
hearing loss is, but these programs are usually not to be
found in mainstreaming, but in residential and day schools.

Advantage of Educational
Bilingualism

Early contact to comprehensible language, such as

ASL/FSL, helps early cognitive development. This
promotes increased literacy and greater academic
achievement.
Students who attend Educational Bilingualism programs
develop functional skills in two languages.
The emphasis of early language acquisition and
establishing ASL/FSL, as their first language, provides a
base, in which English is later taught.
Students in Educational Bilingualism programs have an
increased self-esteem and confidence because of the
healthy view of Deaf children and their acceptance of
who they are, as well as the increased confidence to
function in b environments.

Disadvantages of Educational
Bilingualism

Bilingual education is an ineffective when

the program itself is bad and it will give
negative results.
Those who dont know English may hold
certain classes up because teacher have
to take extra time with them and those
who know or speak English dont get the
full benefit of an education because the
teacher is taking to much time with the
slower students.

Role of Communication and

Education

To enable deaf children to become

linguistically competent
To provide access to a wide curriculum
To facilitate good literacy skills
To provide deaf pupils with a positive
sense of their own identity

'No
Child Left Behind' requires sta
tes and school districts to ens
ure that all students are learn
ing and are reaching their high
est potential. Special educatio
n students should not be left o
ut of these accountability mech
anisms.

Thank you
Reported by:
Aileene B. Pano
Joanne Dumanayos
Mel Yza Sunga