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Design
March 17, 2003
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals
Shear
Shear Design
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
VQ
τ=
Ib
The shear stress
acting on the
rectangular beam.
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
The equation of the shear stress for a rectangular beam
is given as:
bh 3
I= − Moment of Inertia
VQ 12
τ= 2
Ib
bh h bh
Q max = * =
2 4 8
Note: The maximum 3 V
1st moment occurs at τ max = * = 1.5 τ ave
the neutral axis (NA).
2 bh
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
The ideal shear stress distribution can be described as:
VQ
τ=
Ib
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
A realistic description of the shear distribution is shown
as:
Uncracked Elastic Beam
Behavior
The shear stress acting along the beam can be described
with a stress block:
As
ρw = ( restrains cracks)
bw d
for 0.0075 ≤ ρ w ≤ 0.0025 : Vc ≅ 2 f c′bw d
Strength of Concrete in
Shear (No Shear
Reinforcement)
(3) Shear span to depth ratio, a/d (M/(Vd))
Vs increases as cracks
widen until yielding of
stirrups then stirrups
provide constant
resistance.
Designing to Resist
Shear
Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)
φVn ≥ Vu
capacity ≥ demand
Vu = factored shear force at section
Vn = Nominal Shear Strength
φ = 0.75 ( shear ) − strength reduction factor
Designing to Resist
Shear
Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)
Vn = Vc + Vs
=
More detailed V d
u
Vc = 1.9 f c + 2500 ρ w b d
Note:
w
V d M u
u ≤1 Eqn [11.5]
≤ 3.5 f c bw d
Mu
Shear Strength Provided by
Concrete
Bending and Axial Compression
Simple formula
Nu
Vc = 2 1 + f c bw d
Nu is positive for 2000 A
g Eqn [11.4]
compression and Nu/Ag
are in psi. Nu
≤ 3.5 f c bw d 1 +
500 Ag
Eqn [11.7]
Typical Shear
Reinforcement
Stirrup - perpendicular to axis of members
(minimum labor - more material)
Av f y d ( sin α + cos α )
Vs =
s
ACI Eqn 11-15
Av f y d
α = 90 ⇒ Vs =
o
s
Typical Shear
Reinforcement
Bent Bars (more labor - minimum material) see req’d
in 11.5.6
Av f y d ( sin α + cos α )
Vs =
s
ACI 11-5.6
1.41Av f y d
α = 45 ⇒ Vs =
o
s
Stirrup Anchorage
Requirements
bw s Av f ys
Av ( min ) = 50 or smax = for min Av
fy 50bw
Also: d
smax ≤ ≤ 24" (11.5.4)
(Done) 2
Design Procedure for
Shear
(5) If Vu ≥ φVc , → calulate Vs (req' d)
Vu ≤ φVn = φVc + φVs
Vu
⇒ φVs = Vu − φVc ⇒ Vs = − Vc
φ
Check:
Vs ≤ 8 f c′ bw d ( otherwise, illegal) (11.5.4 )
Design Procedure for
Shear
(6) Solve for required stirrup spacing(strength)
Assume # 3, #4, or #5 stirrups
Av f ys d
s≤ from 11-15
Vs
Design Procedure for
Shear
(7) Check minimum steel requirement (eqn 11-13)
Av f ys
smax =
50bw
Design Procedure for
Shear
(8) Check maximum spacing requirement (ACI 11.5.4)
d
If Vs ≤ 4 f c′ bw d → smax ≤ ≤ 24"
2
d
If Vs ≥ 4 f c′ bw d → smax ≤ ≤ 12"
4
Note : If Vs ≥ 8 f c′ bw d ( illegal)
Design Procedure for
Shear
(9) Use smallest spacing from steps 6,7,8
Compression fan
carries load directly
into support.
Location of Maximum Shear
for Beam Design
When:
1. The support reaction introduces compression
into the end regions of the member.
2. No concentrated load occurs with in d from
face of support .
Location of Maximum Shear
for Beam Design