TERMINOLOGY

1. Soporous: loss of consciousness,

drowsiness / profound sleep.
2. GCS (Glasglow Coma Scale): scale is used to
determine or assess the patient's level of
consciousness, ranging from conscious fully
included up to coma.
3. Isokor pupil: the pupil in both eyes equal in
size.
4. Delirium: loss of consciousness accompanied
by motor chaos and sleep-wake cycle is
disrupted, the patient appears restless,
chaotic, disorientation, and thrashing.

5. Funduskopi: examination of the eye

with a funduscope.
6. Subhyaloid bleeding: pre-retinal
hemorrhage in the area, close to the
optic nerve.
7. Hemiparesis duplex: loss of function
of the body on both sides of the body.
8. Cerebral contusion: bruising / injury to
the brain without breaking the skin.

9. Contractures: contracture is limited

joint mobility as a result of
pathological changes in the joints or
soft tissue surfaces that are
functionally related to the joints.
10.Meningitis: Meningitis is an
infection accompanied by
inflammation of the brain fluid of the
pia mater (the membrane lining of
the brain) and the arachnoid and
the milder degrees of the brain and
spinal cord tissues were superfisial.

Problem Identification
1. Why Ahmad headache, vomiting,
and unconsciousness while playing
tennis?
2. How the interpretation of the results
of the examination doctors clinic
against Ahmad?
3. Why do doctors clinic infusion and
refer Ahmad to hospital Dr.M.Jamil?
4. How the interpretation of the vital
signs examination and neurological

5. Why do brain CT scan and

intracranial pressure-lowering drug
given?
6. Why Ahmad frequent headaches
and seizures without?
7. Whether the cause of increased
intracranial pressure?
8. Why 62-year-old patient had
hemiparesis duplex ec. intracerebral
hemorrhage and how this relates to
the second stroke?

9. Why do physiotherapy and what is

the procedure?
10.What causes meningitis and
cerebral contusions?

Problem Analyze
1. - cause of headaches: an organic
disease (neurological or other
disease), stress response,
vasodilation (migraine), skeletal
muscle tension (tension headaches)
or a combination of these
responses.

- cause of vomiting:
- Viral diseases (gastroenteritis)
- Food poisoning
- Stress, nervousness, or other mental
problems such as depression or panic disorder
- Drugs like antibiotics, pills delay pregnancy,
and heart medications
- Migraine / headache
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Head injury
- Alcohol, drug abuse or drug withdrawal
- Eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia
- Side effects of radiation therapy

- Cause of Unconscious:
vascular, cardiac, neurologiccerebrovascular, psychogenic,
metabolic, and idiophatic.
2. - Blood pressure : high from normal
- Pulse : Low from normal
high blood pressure and low pulse is
because the compensation
mechanism from our body that
caused by high intracranial pressure

- Temperature : normal, this indicates

that the state of Ahmad now not caused
by an infection.
- Consciousness: a decline in awareness
of Ahmad.
- GCS E2 means that Ahmad can open
his eyes because of pain stimuli, the
score of eye opening is 2.
V2 means that Ahmad Ahmad
noises that are not clear, without
meaning, such as slurred, the score of
verbal respon is 2.

M4 means that Ahmad can flex the

limbs when given stimulus, the score of
motoric respons is 4.
- Meningeal stimuli + there is
something
that irritates the
meninges.
- No lateralization.
3. - infusion is intended for handling
emergencies in patients, in addition to
the infusion is done to incorporate
drugs into the body, providing nutrients,
fluids and electrolytes for patients.

- ahmad referenced as this is an

emergency that must be addressed.
4. - pupil isokor, reflek cahaya +, reflek
fisiologis ++, tidak ada reflek patologis
normal
- subhyaloid hemorrhage this indicates
that the presence of subarachnoid
hemorrhage on.
5. - CT scan done to see the place or center
of hemorrhage, and any abnormalities
found in the Ahmads head.

- intracranial pressure-lowering
medication intended to relieve
symptoms caused by the presence
of increased intracranial pressure,
and prevent the death of brain cells.
6. It is a symptom or a warning
prodormal phase of intracranial
hemorrhage.

7. -

Primary tumor or metastasis

Brain haemorrhage
Subdural hematoma
Brain abscess
Acute hydrocephalus
Brain necrosis induced by radiation

8. - Intracerebral hemorrhage into the brain tissue

(parenchymal) most often occurs as a result
of vascular injury triggered by hypertension
and rupture one of the many small arteries
that penetrate deep into the brain tissue

-Hemiparesis on the opposite side of the site of

bleeding is the first typical sign of the
involvement of the internal capsule.
9. - To prevent muscle atrophy, contractures, and
blisters on the skin of patients.
- Procedures Movement of the shoulder joint to
bend and straighten
Movement bend and straighten elbow
Rotating wrist
Movement to bend and straighten the wrist
Rotating thumb
Movement nd straighten bent thumb
Movement to bend and straighten the groin

Run movement nd straighten the

knee bend
Movement exercises groin
Movement twisted ankle
Leafing the patient's body slowly
revert
10. - Meningitis can caused by infection
and hemmorrhage, especially
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- Contusio Serebri caused by collision
or trauma