MICROCONTROLLER BASED

INSTRUMENT
IDENTIFICATION AND
DETECTION
Project Associates

Chebrolu Girisai Praveen

Laxman Nyamagouda
Veeresh P M
Vikas M
Guided By Mr. K M Prakash
M. Tech, MISTE

4BD04EC021
4BD04EC039
4BD04EC109
4BD04EC111

ABSTRACT
We know that as technology is growing more and
more equipment are being developed. In laboratories
there will be many instruments and equipments kept
in big rooms and out of them few will be used
frequently, some are used occasionally. Naturally
human tendency is that after the complete usage of
instruments or equipments they will not be placed in
right order and correct location. Hence it becomes
difficult to locate them immediately when they are
required again. Our project intends to eliminate this
problem.
The objective of the project is to develop such a
system, which can identify and indicates the location
of the instruments and equipments in laboratories.

CONTENTS

Functional Block Diagram

Functional Description
Circuit Diagram
Hardware
Power Supply
LCD
MATRIX keypad
Serial EEPROM
ASK Tx and Rx
Relay Driver Circuit Using ULN 2003
Software
Flow Chart
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future Enhancements

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK
DIAGRAM
TRANSMITTER SECTION

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK
DIAGRAM
CONTD
RECEIVER SECTION

FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION

Here first we have to enter the names of the

devices which are to be searched through key
board by pressing ENTER key, the entered data
are stored in serial eeprom 24c32A in which 32k
bytes of information can be stored.

when the system is switched on it will be

displaying searching mode then by pressing
NEXT key it shows the list of devices to be
searched one by one. Pressing OK key will
confirms the device to be searched and will
transmit its particular code through ASK
transmitter via relays.

FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION CONTD

All the devices which are to be searched will be

equipped with receiving module embedded in it.
All these modules will receive the signal
through ASK receiver and will be decoded there
and further processed by the microcontroller to
see whether the received code is its own. If yes
then device indicates its presence by turning on
the buzzer. Now the user can identify and locate
the device easily and fetch it if necessary.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CONTD

HARDWARE
DESCRIPTION
POWER SUPPLY

POWER SUPPLY
CONTD

Our system and associated circuitry requires 5V

of DC power supply which we have designed using
step-down transformer, bridge rectifier, capacitors
and voltage regulator.
Three terminal IC 7805 meets the requirement of
+5V regulated. The secondary voltage from the
main transformer is rectified by diodes D1-D4 and
are filtered by capacitor C1. This unregulated dc
voltage is supplied to input pin of regulator IC. C2
is an input bypass capacitor and C3 is to improve
ripple rejection. The IC used is fixed regulator
with internal short circuit current limiting and
thermal shut down capability.

LCD INTERFACE

LCD INTERFACE
CONTD

Frequently AT89C51 program must interact with

the outside world using input and output devices
that communicate directly with a human being.
One of the most common output devices used is a
LCD.
Some common LCDs are 16x2 and 20x2 displays,
which mean 16 characters per 2 line and 20
characters 2 per lines, respectively.
LCD used here has 14 pins.
The data pins of LCD are connected to P2 and control
pins to P1.4, P1.5 and P1.6.

LCD INTERFACE
CONTD

Before using LCD for displaying it has to be

initialised by specifying some of the commands
like start of the cursor position, clear screen etc.
Then the data to be displayed are sent through
port 2 of microcontroller by applying appropriate
control signals on En, R/W and RS pins.

KEY BOARD INTERFACE

KEY BOARD INTERFACE

CONTD
When a key is pressed, it shorts

one row and column; otherwise,

the row and the column do not
have any connection. The
interfacing of a matrix keyboard
requires two ports; one output
port and the input port.

Rows are connected to the

output port, and the columns
are connected to the input port.
They are capable of interfacing
a matrix keyboard as large as 64
keys, eight columns and eight
rows. In our project we are using
4X4 matrix keyboard of 16 keys
which are connected to port 0
(p0).

KEY BOARD INTERFACE

CONTD
Initially all the column lines will be in high state and each

rows are grounded by making the row port lines low one by
one. If we are in say first row it will check whether any key
is pressed by reading the column port. If any one of the first
row is pressed then the particular column will get low level
if in the first row then the column number which gets the
low signal will be the key number.
For example if we start the column number from zero then
the first key identified as number zero. If none of the key is
pressed in row 1 then controller will ground the next row in
this row if any key is pressed it will identify the column
number and adds number 4 once to get exact to get exact
key number if it is in the row 3 it add number 4 two times to
the column number to get the correct key.

SERIAL EEPROM

Standard Voltage operation-2.7V

Internally organized 4096*8(32K)

Bidirectional Data Transfer Protocol

Write protect pin for Hardware Data

protection

Self-timed write cycle(5 ms Max)

High Reliability Endurance:1 million write cycles

Data Retention:100 years

PIN DESCRIPTION

A0, A1, A2 Chip Address Inputs: The A0, A1, A2 inputs are used by
the 24x256 for multiple device operation. The levels on these inputs are
compared with the corresponding bits in the slave address .The chip is
selected if the compare is true. Up to eight devices may be connected to
the same bus by using different chip is select bit combinations.

SDA Serial Data : This is a bi-directional pin used to transfer

addresses and data into and data out of the device. It is an open drain
terminal. Therefore, the SDA bus requires a pull up resistor to Vcc
(typical 10 k ohm for 100 kHz, 2k ohm for 400 kHz). P1.2 is connected
to this pin.

SCL SERIAL CLOCK: This input is used to synchronize the data

transfer from and to the device, which is connected to P1.3.

WP: This pin can be connected to either Vss, Vcc or left floating.

RELAYS AND DRIVER

CIRCUIT

RELAYS AND DRIVER CIRCUIT

CONTD
o
o
o

o
o

A relay is an electrically controllable switch used widely

in industrial controls, automobiles and appliances.
Relay basically consists of three components:
Coil , Spring & Contacts.
When current flows through the coil magnetic
field is created around the coil which causes
armature to be attracted to the coil. The
armatures contact acts like a switch and closes
or opens the circuit.
There are mainly three types of relays available
namely SPST,SPDT and DPDT.
Microcontroller pins lack sufficient current to
drive the relays. For this reason we use the
driver ULN2803.

ASK TRANSMITTER AND

RECEIVER

It is designed for remote control

alarm and security system,
authorization/ access control.
Transmitter has 4 buttons
(A,B,C,D) , and there are 4
corresponding outputs on the
receiver.

Depending on the switch operation

the receiver will give either a high
level or a high pulse on the
corresponding output.
An encoder and decoder are used at
transmitting and receiving end
respectively.

ASK TRANSMITTER AND

RECEIVER CONTD

The simplest and most common form of ASK operates as a

switch, using the presence of a carrier wave to indicate a
binary one and its absence to indicate a binary zero. This
type of modulation is called on-off keying, and is used at
radio frequencies to transmit Morse code (referred to as
continuous wave operation).
More sophisticated encoding schemes have been developed
which represent data in groups using additional amplitude
levels. For instance, a four-level encoding scheme can
represent two bits with each shift in amplitude; an eightlevel scheme can represent three bits; and so on. These
forms of amplitude-shift keying require a high
signal-to-noise ratio for their recovery, as by their nature
much of the signal is transmitted at reduced power

MICROCONTROLLER
(AT89C2051)

MICROCONTROLLER (AT89C2051)

SOFTWARE
FLOWCHART

Transmitter
section

Receiver section

ADVANTAGES

Any kind of devices can be searched.

Similar devices with different specifications can be
easily identified.

saves manual searching time.

User friendly.

Uses less power.

Only one time investment and reliable one.

Shock resistant.

DISADVANTAGES

A little expensive.
Acquires a considerable amount of space hence receiver
module appears bigger than the device if in case it is too
small.
In case of failure of transmitter whole system will not
work.
The maximum no. of characters in the device name is
restricted to 8.

RESULT
Both the devices are successfully searched.

FUTURE
ENHANCEMENTS
The whole project can be made wireless by
introducing battery instead of direct supply
which restricts the receiver modules and
transmitter modules stationary.
For the sake of practical implementation size of
receiver module circuitry can be minimised so
that it acquires less space.
Using the same concept the project can be
implemented in a way to achieve theft recovery
by using GPS instead of ASK Tx and Rx

THANK YOU