ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON

TEXTILE GOODS

Southeast
University
Submitted

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

by:

Md.
Sheshir

Name
Mazadul

Batch
ID
Hasan 20100004000 13th
08

Southeast University
Department Of Textile Engineering
I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh
ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
TEXTILE GOODS

Southeast
University
Abstract

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Amylase,
Protease,
Cellulase,
Catalase,
Laccase, Pectinase etc. are widely used in
textiles. In Bangladesh we found the use of
amylase, cellulase, catalase widely rather
than other enzymes. we have described many
aspects of application of enzymes in textile
with
application
methods,
conditions,
mechanisms and affects on the end products
& environment with experimental data.
Health and safety issues also included here.
ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
We have studied
the effect of bio-3
TEXTILE GOODS

Southeast
University

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Enzyme

Enzyme is specialized high molecular

weight protein produced within an
organism, which is capable of catalyzing
specific chemical reaction. They are also
known as "Biocatalyst".

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
TEXTILE GOODS

Southeast
University

Sourceand Engineering,
of Classification
School of Science
Department ofof
Textile Engineering
enzyme:

1. Vegetable
source
2. Bacterial
source
3. Animal source

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

enzyme:
Oxidoreductase
Transferase
Hydrolase
Lyase
Isomerase
Ligase or Synthetase

The history of enzymes in textile:

Amylase at desizing in 1952
Catalase at bleach cleanup in 1993
Pectinase at bio-scouring in 2003
ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE
GOODS

Southeast
University
Lock and key model

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Induced fit model

Southeast
University
Enzymes used in textile processing

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Process

Types of enzyme used

Desizing

Amylase

Scouring

Pectinase

Peroxide killing

Catalase

Denim bleaching

Laccase

Bio polishing

Cellulase

Anti-shrink & Anti-felting on wool

Protease

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
TEXTILE GOODS

Amylase
Southeast
Hydrolase class of enzyme.
Used for University
desizing.

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Hydrolyses 1-4 glucosidic linkage of

amylase and amylopectin of starch to
convert them into soluble dextrins.
Process of desizing with
amylase:

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
TEXTILE GOODS

Mechanism of starch breakdown with

amylase

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE

GOODS

Southeast
Cellulase
University

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Hydrolase class of enzyme.

Used for bio-polishing and stone
washing effects.
Used in detergent formulations to
enhance detergency, improve
brightness & remove microfibrils.

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE

GOODS

10

Southeast
University
Mechanism of cellulase enzymes on

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

cellulosic Fibers

There are four main actions1. Endocellulase cleave the long cellulose chains
randomly to produce two shorter chains.
2. Exocellulase attack one end of the cellulose
chain, cleaving one glucose unit at a time.
3. Cellobiohydrolase similarly act on one end of
the cellulose chain, producing a cellobiose
molecule.
4. Cellobioase degrade cellobiose molecules to
the simplest glucose
unit. ON
ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS
TEXTILE GOODS

11

Mechanism of cellulase enzymes on

cellulosic fibers
Cellobiohydrolase

Exocellulase

OH

CH2OH

CH2 OH

H
H

OH

OH

H
OH

OH

OH

H
OH

OH

O
H

CH2OH

OH

OH

H
H

OH

CH2OH

OH

Glucose

OH

OH

OH

CH2OH

OH

CH 2OH

OH

OH

H
H

CH2OH

OH

CH2OH

OH

OH

CH 2OH

O
O

OH

Cellobiase
CH2OH

CH2OH
O

H
OH

OH
OH

OH

OH

Glucose

OH

OH

OH

Glucose

12

Pectinase
Southeast
University

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Used for bio-scouring.

BOD & COD are (20-45)% of alkaline scouring
(100%).
TDS is (20- 50)% of alkaline scouring (100%).
Handle is very soft compared to harsh feel in
alkaline scouring.
Highly suitable for blends containing fibers like
wool,
silk, viscose, modal,pad-steam
lyocell, lycraprocess
etc.
Semi-continuous

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
TEXTILE GOODS

13

Southeast
Catalase
University

Oxidoreductase
class of
enzyme. of Textile Engineering
School of Science
and Engineering,
Department
Catalase is used for the removal of H2O2 after
bleaching.
One catalase molecule can convert 40 million
molecules of hydrogen peroxide to water and
oxygenEfficiency
per second. of H2O2 removal*
Conventional process

Process

Enzymatic process

Residual peroxide, Process

Residual peroxide,

ppm

ppm

After bleaching

100

After bleaching

100

After the 1st hot rinse

60

Catalase, 5 min

10

After the 2nd hot rinse

10

Catalase, 10 min

After the 1st cold rinse

Catalase, 15 min

0.5

0.5

Catalase, 20 min

Before dyeing

* Source- Novozymes(1000 kg of fabric, liquid ratio 1:10);

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE
GOODS

14

School of

Southeast
University

Scouring:
Sodium Hydroxide
:
2.5 %
Sodium Carbonate
:
1%
Cidascour LTJ
:
0.5 %
Wetting agent
:
0.5 %
Sodium
:
0.2 %
Science
and hexametaphosphate
Engineering, Department
Temperature
:
80 C
Time
:
4 5 hours
pH
:
9 10
M:L
:
1 : 20
Bleaching:
Hydrogen peroxide (50%)
:
Sodium silicate
:
1%
Sodium hexametaphosphate :
Temperature
:
85 C
Time
:
2 hours
pH
:
1010.5
M:L
:
1 : 20

of Textile Engineering

0.5 1 %
0.2 %

One bath scouring and peroxide bleaching:

Sodium hydroxide
:
2.5 %
Lissapol D
:
0.5 %
Hydrogen peroxide
:
23%
Sodium silicate
:
1.5 %
Sodium hexametaphosphate :
0.2 %
Temperature
:
80 C
Time
:
2 3 hours
pH
:
10 10.5
15
M:L
:
1 : 20

Conventional scouring and

bleaching

Southeast
University

One bath scouring and bleaching

Grey fabric

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Cold wash

Scouring and
peroxide
bleaching at
boil

Hot wash

Hot wash

Cold wash

Drying

16

Southeast
University

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Bio-polishing recipe:

BP Nano(Cellulase)
: 0.9
g/l
Acetic acid
: 1 g/l
T-100 (Peroxide killer) : 0.08 g/l
Securon 540(Seq. agent) : 0.25 g/l
Temperature
: 55-60 C
Time
: 40-60 min.
pH
: 4.5-5

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
TEXTILE GOODS

17

Southeast
University

Process flow chart of bio-polishing

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

18

Bio-polishing after dyeing

Bio-polishing before
dyeing

Southeast
University
Hot wash

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Cold wash

Bio-polishing

Cold wash

Drying

19

Southeast
University
Result

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Factors affecting bio- polishing

Properti
es

Concentra Temperatu
tion

pH

M:L

Time

re

(min.)

1% 2% 3% 45 50 55 4-5 5-6 6-7 1:1 1:1 1:2

C

40

50

60

Weight loss

0.7 1.4 2.1 1.0

1.4 2.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.6

0.5 1.0 1.4 2.4

(%)

7
6
2
3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

3
5
6
1
2
2
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1
1
2
8
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Abrasion
(mm)
Wash
fastness
Pilling
rating

6
8
9
6
7
8
4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5
3

8
4

6
4

4
4 TREATMENTS
4
4 ON 4
4
ENZYMATIC
TEXTILE
GOODS

4
4-5

6
4

6
4

6
7
7
4-5 4-5 4-5
4

20

Southeast
University
Effects of enzyme treatment on dyeing

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

property
Properties

Results
Concentration of Enzyme
1%

2%

Enzymes

treatment

3%

1%

after Enzyme

dyeing

2%
treatment

3%
before

dyeing

Weight loss

0.77

1.23

1.89

0.79

1.25

1.93

(%)
Abrasion

0.04

0.07

0.08

0.05

0.06

0.09

(mm)
Wash

4-5

4-5

2-3

3-4

fastness
Pilling

rating
K/S Values

9.6

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE

GOODS

8.9

8.1

9.9

21

9.9

9.9

Southeast
University
Discussion

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

The best result is obtained at 1:10, M : L and 3%

concentration
Enzyme shows maximum activity at pH (5 5.5) &
55 C temperature . But optimum bio-polishing is
obtained at pH 4-5.
The best bio-polishing effect is obtained at 50 min.
treatment time.
Depth of shade increases when enzyme
treatment is given before dyeing and the depth
decreases when enzyme treatment is given after
dyeing.
Pilling tendency ENZYMATIC
decreases
with application of
TREATMENTS ON
22
TEXTILE GOODS

Southeast
University
Conclusion

School of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

Chemical processes have inherent drawbacks

from commercial and environmental point of view.
Harsh and hazardous chemical processes
involving high temperature, pressure, acidity, or
alkalinity, need high capital investment and
specially designed equipment and control
systems.
Enzymes
have
contributed
to
more
environmentally adapted processes because they
are bio-degradable, they can replace harsh
ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON
23
chemicals and theyTEXTILE
reduce
GOODS high temperatures &

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