Chapter 2: The Evolution

of Management Thought
MGT210.17&18
Lecture 2

The Practice and Study of

Management
The systematic study of management is
relatively new. Before 1900, hardly any
university provided formal learning scope
for managerial studies.
However, the concept of management
originated 5000 years ago when Pyramid
was made.
During 1990, information was overloaded on
the behavioral side of management as 54
journals were published only on this topic.

The Best Management

Practice??

The Universal Process

Approach

Henri Fayols Universal

Management Process

Fayols 14 Universal Principles of

Management

The Operational Approach

Production oriented field of
management dedicated to improve
efficiency and cut waste.
Since the turn of the 20th century it
has had a number of labels of
scientific management, management
science, operations research,
productions management and
operations management.

Taylors Scientific
Management

Scientific management is that kind of

management which conducts a business
by standards established by facts or
truths gained through systematic
observation, experiment or reasoning.
Standardization
Time and Task Study
Systematic Selection and Training
Pay Incentives

The Behavioral Approach

Advocates that people deserve to
be the central focus of any
organization.
Managers should be able to
understand the people within the
organization who have different
background, need. Perception,
culture and aspirations.

The Human Relation

Movement
An effort to make mangers more
sensitive to their employees
needs. It is supported by three very
different historical influences:
1. Threat of Unionization
2. The Hawthorne Studies
3. The Philosophy of Industrial
Humanism

McGregors Theories X and

Y

Theory X

Theory Y

System Approach
A collection of parts operating
interdependently to achieve a
common purpose.
System theorists assume that
the whole is greater than the
sum of its parts.

General Systems Theory

General systems theory is an area of
study based on the assumption that
everything is a part of larger,
interdependent arrangement.
A closed system is a self sufficient
entity whereas an open system
depends on the surrounding system for
survival.

The Contingency Approach

Contingency approach is the
research effort to determine
which managerial practices
and techniques are
appropriate in specific
situations.

Contingency Approach
Very General

Very Specific

Systems
View

Contingency
View

Purely
Situational
View

Everything is
made up of
systems with
common
characteristics

Relationships
between
management
techniques and
situations can
be categorized

Every situation is
totally unique

Management by Best Seller

Management by Best seller Occurs
when managers read a popular book
by management guru and hastily try
to implement its ideas and one size
for all recommendations without
proper regard for their organizations
unique problem and needs.
THE END