Medical Law in

Indonesia
M. Endrio Susila

Norms in Medical Profession

Ethical Norm
Ethical norm refers to medical

ethics.
Medical ethics have been compiled
in a code of medical ethics.
The Indonesian Code of Medical
Ethics was formulated in
accordance with the International
Code of Medical Ethics.

Cont
The International Code of Medical

Ethics was developed based on the

basic principles of medical ethics.
The basic principles of medical
ethics was extracted from the
Hippocratic Oath.

Basic Principles of Medical

Ethics
Beneficence.
Non maleficence
Autonomy
Confidentiality
Justice
Veracity

Disciplinary Norm
Disciplinary norm refers to medical

disciplinary rules.
Medical disciplinary rules
formulated based on medical
science.
One of the forms of disciplinary
rules is what so call the standard of
profession.

Legal Norm
Legal norms refer to medical law.
The most important source of the

medical law is legislations.

Legislations are made by
authoritative body, such as the
parliament, the president, or the
health minister.

Cont
Medical law is a species of law under

the more general category known as

health law.
Under health law, beside medical law
there are several others such as:
Hospital law;
Nursing law;
Pharmacy law, etc.

Available Terms
Droit Medical
Gesundheit Recht
Gezondheit Recht
Health Law
Medical Law
Hukum Kesehatan
Hukum Kedokteran

Definitions
According to MES:

Health Law is all legal rules

governing the administration of
health and health service.
Medical law is all legal rules
governing the practice of
medicine

Local Definitions
According to PERHUKI health law (hukum

kesehatan) is:
Semua aturan yang berhubungan langsung
dengan pemeliharaan atau pelayanan
kesehatan dan penerapannya, serta hak dan
kewajiban sebagai penerima layanan
kesehatan, maupun dari pihak penyelenggara
pelayanan kesehatan dalam aspek
organisasi, sarana, pedoman-pedoman
medis nasional dan internasional, hukum di
bidang kesehatan, yurisprudensi serta ilmu
pengetahuan bidang kesehatan kedokteran.

 According to BPHN health law (hukum

kesehatan) is:
Ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang mengatur
tentang hak dan kewajiban, baik dari tenaga
kesehatan yang melaksanakan upaya
kesehatan, maupun dari individu atau
masyarakat yang menerima upaya kesehatan
tersebut dalam segala aspeknya, yaitu aspek
promotif, preventif kuratif, dan rehabilitatif, dan
diperhatikan pula aspek organisasi serta
sarana.

Sources of Health Law

(Medical Law)
Legislations
International Medical Procedure
Medical Literatures
Doctrines
Customs

Important Legislations
Health Act 2009 (UU No 36 Th 2009)
Medical Practice Act 2004 (UU No 29 Th 2004)
Government Decree on Healthcare professional 1996

(PP No 32 Th 1996)
Health Minister Decree 2011 on Medical Practice
License (Permenkes No 2052 Th 2011)
Health Minister Decree 2008 on Medical Record
(Permenkes No 269 Th 2008)
Health Minister Decree 2008 on Informed Consent
(Permenkes No 290 Th 2008)

Subject
Health Law
Health Care Provider
Health Care Receiver
Medical Law
Doctor
Pasien

Object
Health Law

Relationship between health care

provider and health care receiver
Medical Law

Relationship between doctor and patien

Important Issues of Medical

Law
Doctor-Patient Relationship
Rights and Obligations
Health-Related Crimes
Medical Negligence/Medical

Malpractice
Accountability/Liability

Doctor-Patient Relationship
a

Patients Rights
1. Right to information
2. Right to make consent
3. Right to choose doctor and hospital
4. Right to the second opinion
5. Right to see medical record
6. Right to reject or stop medical

treatment
7. etc

Doctors Obligations
1. To deal with the standard of profession
2. To refer to the more competent doctor
3. To keep confidential information
4. To give medical emergency care
5. To respect patients autonomy
6. To add medical knowledge and its

development

Health-Related Crimes
Illegal Abortion
Illegal implant, organ transplantation,

blood transfusion, and plastic and

reconstructive surgery
Illegal Medical Practice

Medical Negligence/
Medical Malpractice
The failure to follow the standard of

care which cause damage upon the

patient.
Under Indonesian law, negligence
constitutes cause of action for both civil
and criminal litigation.
In fact in Indonesia, medical
malpractice has been perceived as
criminal rather than civil matter.

Liability
Internal Accountability

Medical Ethics Tribunal (MKEK)

Medical Disciplinary Tribunal (MKDKI)
Civil Liability (Doctor v Patient)
Criminal Liability (Doctor v State)

Important Issues of Health

Act 2009
Legal basis for the following actions:
The practice of traditional/alternative medicine (s.69)
Transplantation, implant, plastic surgery and
reconstruction, the use of stem cell (s. 64)
Abortion based on medical and psychological indication
(s.75)
Family planning (s.78)
The use of extraordinary way for pregnancy (s. 127)
Patients protection in the form of:
The right to self determination including to refuse treatment
(s. 56)
The right to confidentiality (s. 57)
The right to compensation (s. 58)

Cont
The employment of mediation for resolving

disputes in health matter (s. 29)

Emergency care (s. 32)
Dental health (s. 93)
The prohibition of smoking in public space/no
smoking are (s. 115)
Criminal punishment for particular actions
(health-related crimes) (s. 190 201)

Important Issues of
Medical Practice Act 2004
Requirements for Practice

Certificate of Competence
Registration Letter
Practicing License
Medical Disciplinary Tribunal (MKDKI)
Penal Provisions