OMF010002 Handover-training-20031001-A-1.5

OMF010002 Handover
Huawei Confidential
Course Contents
Summary of Handover
HO Algorithm process
HO Data Configuration
HO Signaling process
Summary of HOPurposes of
HO
Purposes of HO
To keep a continuous communication with a
moving MS
To improve network service performance
To reduce the call drop rate

To reduce the congestion rate
Summary of HOClassification of
HO
Classification of HO:
Emergency HO
Timing Advance (TA) Emergency HO

Bad quality (BQ) Emergency HO
Rx_Level_Drop Emergency HO
Interference Emergency HO
load HO
Normal HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
Power Budget (PBGT) HO
Speed-sensitive HO (Fast moving MS HO)
4
Concentric Cell HO
Course Contents
Summary of Handover (HO)
General HO process
Measurement report preprocessing
Penalty processing
Basic ranking and Secondary ranking
HO judgment
General process of HO
Algorithm
M.R.
preprocessing
OM forced HO
Directed retry
Penalty
processing
Basic ranking
Secondary
ranking
TA emergency HO
BQ emergency HO
Edge HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
RSD emergency
HO
Fast moving MS
HO
Interf. emergency HO
Overlaid/underlaid HO
Load Sharing HO
HO judgement
1
7
Processing
program
General HO process
Penalty processing
Basic ranking and secondary ranking
HO judgment
Measurement Report
Preprocessing
Measurement Report (MR):
Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and
quality.
Downlink MR includes downlink receiving level,
downlink receiving quality of the serving cell and

other downlink receiving levels from the
neighbor cells.
Serving cell
Neighbour cell
The downlink
measurement report
of the serving cell
The uplink
measurement report of
MS
The downlink
measurement report of the
neighbour cell (BCCH)
Measurement Report
Preprocess
MR interpolation
Every time BSC receives a measurement report,
there will be an update to the basic rank of the

cells.
BTS may fail to receive the measurement report
from MS. Before the rank-update, BSC needs to

recover the lost measurement reports according
to Filter Table. If the lost MR amount is within the
allowed range, then recovers the lost MR
according to the algorithm.
12
Measurement Report
Preprocess
How to interpolate MR?
Continuous MR
flow
MR
Measurement
report No. n
13
MR
MR
MR
MR
Measurement report
No. n+4
General HO process
Penalty processing
HO judgment
15
Penalty Processing
There are altogether four types of
penalty process (second step of HO
algorithm process )
16
Penalty on the target cell when a HO fails.
Penalty on the original serving cell when an

emergency HO ( base on BQ and TA ) is
performed.
Penalty on other high priority layer cells after a

fast moving HO is performed.
A new HO attempt is prohibited within the

penalty time after an overlaid/underlaid HO fails.
Penalty Processing
Penalty on the target cell:
Punish the target cell when a HO fails. This is to avoid
the MS to select this cell again in next HO judgment.
Cell A
BTS
HO failure
BSC
Cell B
17
Penalty Processing
Penalty on the serving cell:
Punish the original serving cell when an emergency HO
( due to BQ and TA) occurs.
Cell A
BTS
BQ& TA HO
BSC
Cell B
18
Penalty Processing
Giving penalty on the other three layers
after MS handovers to Umbrella cell by fastmoving-HO. This is to keep MS staying in
the umbrella cell and avoid frequent HO.
Back? No way!
Umbrella
Micro cell
19
Penalty Processing
A new Overlaid/underlaid HO is prohibited
within a penalty time after an
Overlaid/Underlaid HO failure.
Overlaid
Underlaid
20
Do not
attempt
again
after a
failed HO!
General HO process
Penalty processing
HO judgment
21
Basic Ranking and Secondary

Ranking
Basic ranking and secondary ranking of
cells are major parts of the HO
judgment. Ranking is made through
16bits-algorithm. The serving cell and
the neighbor cells will be listed in a cell
list according to their 16bits value. The
ranking processes include:
M rule
K rule
16bits ranking
22
Basic ranking and Secondary

ranking
M
rule:
Only the cells with received signal level satisfy the following conditions can
be put into the candidate cell list.
For serving cell: RX_LEV (o) >MSRXMIN(o) + MAX(0,Pa(o))
i.e :
RX_LEV(o) MSRXMIN(o)-MAX(0,Pa(o)) > 0 .. ( 1 )
For Neighbor cell: RX_LEV (n) > MSRXMIN(n)+ MAX(0,Pa(n))+ OFFSET
i.e : Having the same formula as above

Pa(0) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(0) P
Pa(n) : MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) P
MS_TXPWR_MAX( ) : The appointed MS transmitting power by the BSS.
P : Max_Power_of_MS
Max_Power_of_MS : MS maximum transmitting power
23

Ranking
K rule Criterion:
After the M rule , the serving cell and candidate
neighbor cells are ranked in descending order

according to the receiving level only.
24

Ranking
The 16bits rule
Both the serving cell and the neighbor cells have
their own 16bits value. The smaller the value is,

the higher the priority and position the cell is in
the cell list.
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The 1st-3rd bits: bit value is decided according to
the cell signal level and the penalty process

taking place beforehand.
25
The values come from max. 6 candidate cells

and 1 serving cell according to the level
ranges from 000~110. The value for the cell
with the strongest signal level is 000.

ranking
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The 4th bit: bit value is determined by inter-cell
HO ( of the same layer ) hysteresis.
The 4th bit of the serving cell is always 0,
The receiving signal level of the neighbor cell
>= The receiving level of the serving cell +
Inter-cell HO ( of the same layer ) hysteresis,
bit 4th is set to 0.
The receiving level of the neighbor cell < The
receiving level of the serving cell + Inter-cell
HO ( of the same layer ) hysteresis, bit 4th is
set to 1.
26
Note: In PBGT HO, whichever the greater of the

inter-cell ( of the same layer ) hysteresis and
PBGT threshold, that value will be used in the

ranking
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The 5th-10th bits: bit value is decided according
to their position in Huawei hierarchical network
structure.
When the signal level of the neighbor cells or
the serving cell is lower than the layer HO
threshold and hysteresis, this function is
turned off and all bits are set to 0.
That is to say only when the above criterions
are met, then this function take effect.
27
Huawei cell layers can be divided into 4 layers

and each layer can be further divided into 16
different priorities. So there are 64 different
priorities in Huawei hierarchical cell structure.

ranking
Hierarchical cell structure
Umbrella
Cell
GSM 900
GSM900
Cell
GSM 900
GSM1800
Cell
GSM1800
Micro Cell
28
GSM 900
GSM 900
GSM1800
GSM1800
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
GSM900
GSM1800
GSM1800
GSM1800
GSM1800

Ranking
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The 11th bit: bit value is decided by cell-load-
sharing criterion.
Serving cell: if Cell Load>= Start threshold of
load HO, bit 11th is set to 1, otherwise is set to
0.
Neighbor cell: if Cell Load>=Receive threshold
of load HO, bit 11th is set to 1, otherwise is set
to 0.
Refer to Load HO Table for the load HO
threshold and load req. on candidate cell.
29
Clue : When the cell load is higher than the

threshold, then the bit 11th is set to 1.This is
done in order to put the cell in a lower part of

Ranking
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
12th bit: bit value is decided by co-BSC criterion.
Serving cell: is always set to 0.
Neighbor cell: if co-BSC with the serving cell,
12th bit is set to 0, otherwise is set to 1.
When the signal level from the neighbor cell or
the serving cell is lower than layer HO
threshold and hysteresis. This function is
turned off and the value is set to 0.
If the parameter Co-BSC/MSC Adj. in the
HO control table is set to No, then this
function is turned off and the value is 0.
13th bit : Bit value is decided by Co-MSC
30
parameter, having the same concept as the 12th

Ranking
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The 14th bit: Layer HO threshold adjustment bit
Serving cell criterion:

Receive level >= layer HO threshold layer HO
hysteresis, bit 14th is set to 0. At the same
time, bit 13th, 12th and 10th5th bits are set
to 0.
If the above criterion is not met, then bit 14th is
set to 1.
Example : 20-5 = 15 ( -95 dBm )
31

Ranking
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Neighbor cell criterion:
Receive level >=layer HO threshold + layer
HO hysteresis, bit 14th is set to 0. At the same
time, bit 13th, 12th and 10th5th bits are set
to 0
If the above criterion is not met, then bit 14th
is set to 1.
Example : 20+5 = 25 ( -85 dBm )
note :
The layer HO threshold and hierarchical
hysteresis correspond to the value of that
individual cells value.
32
Usual situation : When the neighbor cells are of

the same layer, each of the neighbor cells
layer HO threshold value will be the same.

Ranking
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The 15th bit: Bit value is decided by cell type
Serving cell or Neighbor cells:

When cell type is extension cell 1.
When cell type is normal cell 0.
The 16th bit: Reserved bit
33
General HO process
Penalty processing
HO judgment
34
HO Algorithm
Initializing
M rule
K rule
16bits rule
O&M reason
Forced HO
Direct re-try
Emergency HO judgment
Send HO command
Load-HO judgment
Send HO command
Normal HO judgment
Send HO command
Edge HO judgment
Fast moving HO judgment

Layer HO judgment
judgment
35
PBGT HO judgment
Types of HO
Types of HO :
Emergency HO
TA & BQ HO, interference HO, Rx_Level_Drop

HO
Load HO
Normal HO
Edge HO, layer cell HO and PBGT HO

Fast moving HO
36
Emergency HO
TA HO criterion :
TA of the serving cell > TA Thrsh.
BQ HO criterion :
The average value of the uplink quality of the
serving cell >

UL Qual. Thrsh.
The average value of the downlink quality of the
serving cell > DL Qual. Thrsh.
Requirements on the target cell (same

as the above two types of HO):
Select the first cell in the neighbor cell list i.e.
37
lowest 16bits value.
Emergency HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO:
Due to downlink signal level drop
Triggered upon detecting rapid level drop during
MS busy mode.
Requirements for the target cell:

The target cell is the first cell in the neighbor cell
list.
38
Emergency HO
Interference HO (DL&UL) :
When the receiving level > receiving threshold
level. But Receiving quality < threshold of quality

interference.

The target cell is in the cell list.
39
Cell Load HO
Cell Load HO Criterions :
System load of BSC < Permissible load of HO
threshold
Load of serving cell > Load HO threshold
Requirements for the target cell

Load of target cell < Load HO threshold
BTS
BSC
40
Normal HO
Edge HO Criterion:
In N seconds, when there are P seconds that
neighbor cells DL or MSs UL signal level is lower

than the Edge HO threshold. Then the criterion is
met and Edge HO occurs. This method utilizes
the P/N rule.

The target cell should be ranked in front of the
serving cell.
41
Normal HO
Layer HO criterions:
Serving cell :
No requirement.
Target cell :
Layer of the target cell is lower than the

serving cell.
Receive level of the target cell > layer cell
threshold + layer cell hysteresis.
Target cell should be ranked in front of the
serving cell. The priority of target cell should
be higher than the serving cells.
42
PBGT HO
PBGT HO Criterions :
Target cells path loss is smaller than the serving
cells path loss by the PBGT threshold value.

Satisfying the P/N rule.
Target cell should be ranked in front of the serving
cell.
Note :
PBGT HO can only occur between same-priority
cell. If the system permits PBGT HO for the cell,

PBGT HO can occur in either inter-BSC or interMSC.
43
Fast-Moving HO
When the serving cell is micro cell :
When the MS has traveled through P numbers of
cell, and there are Q (=<P) numbers of cell that

the MS has traveled in high speed, the criteria is
satisfied. MS will be handed over to umbrella cell.
When the serving cell is umbrella cell :

When the MS is traveling high speed in umbrella
cell, a greater penalty can be given to the micro

cell for a duration of time (penalty time). In this
way, the MS will not use the micro cell. Note :In
this case, the micro cell is only used under
urgency conditions( Poor TA and BQ ).
44
Overlaid/Underlaid HO
Overlaid/underlaid :
Division of underlaid and overlaid is decided by MS
downlink receive level and TA value.
underlaid
overlaid
45
Overlaid/Underlaid HO
Criterion for HO from overlaid to
underlaid:
TA value => TA threshold + TA hysteresis Or
RX_LEV <= RX_LEV threshold RX_LEV

hysteresis
Satisfying P/N rule
Criterion for HO from underlaid to

overlaid:
TA value =< TA threshold TA hysteresis and
RX_LEV =< RX_LEV threshold + RX_LEV

hysteresis
46
Satisfying P/N rule
Question
Can you list the function of each bit in
16bit ranking?
What is the period of measurement
report?
47
Course Contents
48
Major HO Parameters
Configuration
Major HO parameter configuration
1.[Handover Control Table]
2.[Cell Description Table]
3.[Adjacent Cell Relation Table]
4.[Penalty Table]
5.[Emergency Handover Table]
6.[Load Handover Table]
7.[Normal Handover Table]
8.[Fast-Moving Handover Table]
9.[Concentric Cell Handover Table]
HO data lookup process

49
Major HO Parameters
Configuration
[Handover Control Table] -1
50
Major HO Parameters
Configuration
[Handover Control Table] -2
51
Major HO Parameters
Configuration
[Handover control table] -3
52
Major HO Parameters Configuration

53

54
Major HO Parameters
Configuration
[Cell Description Table] -1
55
Major HO Parameters
Configuration
[Cell Description Table] -2
56
Major HO Parameters
Configuration
[Adjacent Cell Relation Table] -1
57

[Adjacent Cell Relation Table] -2
58

[Penalty Table] -1
59

[Penalty Table] -2
60

[Emergency Handover Table] -1
Paramete
r name
61
Meaning
Value range
Recommended
value
TA
Thrsh.
When TAthis value, emergency

handover is triggered
0~63 bit
period
63
DL
QUAL.
Thrsh
The downlink receiving quality threshold

for BQ emergency handover. When
frequency hopping or DTX is enabled,
RQ becomes worse (normal
phenomenon), this value should be set
to 70. The adjustment should also base
on the current network quality and
handover statistics. When triggering
emergency handover, the first to select
is the inter-cell handover, the intra-cell
handover is only triggered when there is
no candidate cell and the intra-cell
handover is allowed in the serving cell.
0~70,
correspon
ding to BQ
levels of
0~7
60
UL
QUAL.
Thrsh.
The uplink receiving quality threshold

for BQ emergency HO.
correspon
ding to BQ
levels of
0~7
60

62

63

64

[Load Handover Table] -1
65

[Load Handover Table] -2
66

[Normal Handover Table] -1
Parameter
Meaning
name
Edge HO UL During the statistics time, if the time in which the uplink
receiving level is lower than the value is longer than
RX_LEV
certain time called continuous time, edge handover
Thrsh.
will be performed. If PBGT handover is enabled,
Corresponding edge handover threshold will be set
lower.
Edge HO DL Downlink consideration for edge HO.

RX_LEV
Thrsh.
67
Value range
Recommended value
0~63
25 (without PBGT
handover, downtown),
15 (single station on
outskirts), 15 (with
PBGT handover,
downtown)
63
30 (without PBGT
handover, downtown),
20 (single station on
outskirts), 20 (with
PBGT handover,
downtown)

68

69

70

[Fast-Moving Handover Table]
71

[Concentric Cell Handover Table] -1
72
Parameter
name
Meaning
UO
signal
intensity
differenc
e
BTS transmitting Power difference

between underlaid and overlaid
may cause MS receiving signal
intensity difference in underlaid
and overlaid . The parameter
uaually indicates the antenna
EIRP difference in dB between
underlaid cell and overlaid cell.
According to field measurement,
multi-point measurement is
necessary if the underlaid and
overlaid use different antenna.
Value range
0~63db
Recommended
value
Set according
to actual
conditions

Paramete
r name
73
Meaning
Value range
Recommende
d value
RX_LEV
Thrsh
Rx level hysteresis, TA threshold

and TA hysteresis jointly define
underlaid area and overlaid
area. It must be bigger than edge
handover threshold, and the
recommended value is: edge
handover threshold + signal
intensity difference between
underlaid and overlaid .
0~63
25
RX_LEV
hysteres
is
Works with Rx threshold.
0~63
TA
Thrsh.
It must be bigger than TA

emergency handover threshold.
0~63 bit
period,
with 1 bit
period
correspondi
ng to
0.55km

74

75
Parameter
name
Meaning
Value range
Assign
optimum
layer
In Overlaid/Underlaid, the following selection

are available for TCH assignment: (1) The
system judges according to the
measurement report on SDCCH and assign to
the best sub-cell. (2) Select the overlaid first
for TCH assignment. (3) Select the underlaid
first for TCH assignment. (4) Do not give
extra priority.
System
optimization,
overlaid ,
underlaid , no
preferential
Assignoptimum
level
Thrsh.
If system optimization is selected, estimate

(interpolate, filter) current SDCCH level value
through uplink measurement value in the
former SDCCH measurement report, and
compare with Assign-optimum Level
threshold, so as to assign overlaid or
underlaid channel.
If SDCCH is in the overlaid : edge handover
threshold + signal intensity difference
between underlaid and overlaid + uplink
and downlink balance allowance + SDCCH
and TCH difference allowance. If SDCCH is in
the underlaid : edge handover threshold +
uplink and downlink balance allowance +
SDCCH and TCH difference allowance.
0~63
Recommended
value
System
optimization

Paramete
r name
76
Meaning
Value
range
Recommended
value
Pref.
subcell
in HO of
intraBSC
When the cell is configured into a

Overlaid/Underlaid, there are two
processing methods for incoming
handover request in BSC: (1) No special
processing for channel assignment. (2)
Add BCCH signal level value of the
target cell in inter-cell handover
request message to BSC to make BSC
allocate optimum channel for MS from
underlaid or overlaid .
Yes, No
Yes
Incomin
g-to-BSC
HO
optimum
layer
If there is a incoming BSC HO, and the

target cell is a Overlaid/Underlaid,
then, this parameter will show which
layer is preferred to provide service for
the MS.
overlaid
,
underlai
d , none
None
HO Parameters Configuration
BA2 table defines BCCH frequencies of all
neighbor cells. It is sent to MS by system

message 5, system message 5-bis and system
message 5ter on SACCH channel.
MS reports the serving cell and BCCH, BSIC and
signal levels of 6 strongest neighbor cells to BSS.

This is done through SACCH.
MR pre-process is done in BTS.
77
Module number,
cell number and CGI of all neighbor cells are
derived from Adjacent cell Relation Table, and
Cell Description Table (or External Cell Description
Table) through BCCH and BSIC in the MR.
Summary of BSC HO
BSC performs HO judgment process, such as basic
rank of cells (completed in LAPD board). When

BSC finds suitable target, It sends HO request
messages containing the target CGI to MPU of
BSC. According to CGI, MPU derive the module
number of the cell from Cell Module Information
Table.
MPU sends a HO command message to the target
module and step up the inter-cell/ intra-cell HO

request counter by one.
78
Course Contents
79
Intra BSC Handover
Intra MSC Handover
Inter MSC Handover
80
Intra-BSC Handover Signaling

process
MS
BTS1
BSC
BTS2
MS
Measurement Report from MS

Channel_Active
Channel_Active ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND
Handover Access
PHY INFO
Handover_Detect
PHY INFO
First SABM
Establish_IND
Handover Complete
Handover_Performed
81
MSC

process
Attention
In asynchronous HO, if MS could not reach the
new TCH channel after the target cell has sent

PHY INFO up to max times, the target cell reports
CONN FAIL IND to BSC with the reason: HO access
failure.
After the above message is received, BSC release
the assigned TCH channel in the target cell .

Max resend times of physical information*Radio
82
link connection timer > Time interval between

EST IND and HO DETECT (120~180ms). This is to
make sure that the physical information reach
MS.

process
MS
BTS (Original)
BSC
BTS (Target)
MSC
Measurement Report
Measurement Report
Channel_Activate
T12++
Attempted incoming internal inter cell handoversT09++
Attempted outgoing internal inter cell handovers
Channel_Activate ACK
Handover Command (Old FACCH)
Handover Access (New FACCH)
Handover Complete (New FACCH) T10++
Successful incoming internal inter cell handovers
T13++ Successful outgoing internal inter cell handovers

RF Channel Release
Handover Performed
83
Measurement Points of Intra

BSC Handover
Handover formula definition
Internal inter cell radio handover success rate
=(Successful incoming internal inter cell handovers +
Successful
outgoing internal inter cell handovers) /
(Incoming internal inter cell handovers + Outgoing
internal inter cell handovers )
Internal inter cell handover success rate
=(Successful incoming internal inter cell handovers +
Successful outgoing internal inter cell handovers) /
(Attempted incoming internal inter cell handovers +
Attempted outgoing internal inter cell handovers)
84
Internal inter cell radio handover

success rate >= Internal inter cell
Intra BSC Handover
Intra MSC Handover
Inter MSC Handover
85
Intra-MSC HO Signaling
process
Signaling intra MSC

MS
BTS(original)
BSC1
MSC
BSC2
BTS (Target)
Measurement Report
Attempted outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers
Measurement Report
Handover Required
Handover Request
Attempted incoming interBSC inter cell handovers
Channel_Active
Handover_Request_ACK
Channel_Active_ACK
Handover Command
Handover Access
Handover Detect
Handover Complete
Successful incoming inter BSC handovers
Successful outgoing interBSC inter cell handovers
Clear Command (HO Successful)
RF Channel Release
Clear Complete
86
Handover Complete
Intra BSC Handover
Intra MSC Handover
Inter MSC Handover
88
Measurement Points of InterBSC Handover
Signaling process between

MSC
MS
BSC-A
MSC-A
HO-REQUIRED
MSC-B
MAP_Prepare_HO
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
MAP_Allocate_HO_NUM
MAP_Send_HO_Repor
t
MAP_Send_HO_Report_AC
K
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
HO-REQUEST
HO-REQUEST-ACK
IAI
ACM
HO-Command
MAP_Process_Access_Signalling
Clear-Command
MAP_Send_End_Signal
Clear-Complete
MAP_Send_End_Signal_ACK
89
HO-Access
HO-Complete
Some intermediate steps are omitted
Measurement Points of InterBSC Handover
Signaling process between
MSC
MS
BSC-A
MSC-A
HO-REQUIRED
MSC-B
MAP_Prepare_HO
VLR-B
BSC-B
MS
MAP_Allocate_HO_NUM
MAP_Send_HO_Repor
t
MAP_Send_HO_Report_AC
K
MAP_Prepare_HO_ACK
HO-REQUEST
HO-REQUEST-ACK
IAI
ACM
HO-Command
MAP_Process_Access_Signalling
Clear-Command
MAP_Send_End_Signal
Clear-Complete
MAP_Send_End_Signal_ACK
90
HO-Access
HO-Complete
Some intermediate steps are omitted
Inter-MSC HO Signaling
process
Signaling process Abnormal
conditions
The following conditions will cause HO failure
MSC-B fails to identify the target cell.

MSC-B does not allow HO to the indicated
target cell.
The target cell has no channel available.
VLR-B has no HO number available.
HO error or unsuitable data.
91
Inter MSC HOSubsequent HO

process
Roaming
MS
MS
E
MSCa
MSCb'
MSCb
VLRb
VLRb'
BSS2'
BSS2
Radio transmission signal measurement
HO REQUIRED (target cell table)
Perform subsequent HO(MAP) (target cell ID, serving cell ID, MSC number)
Perform HO
(target cell ID, serving cell ID, channel type)
HO REQUEST (PCM&Channel type)

HO REQUEST ACKNOWLmargin (including New TCH number and HO number)
Allocate HO number
Radio channel ack. (MAP) (includes New TCH number and HON)
Send HO report(HON)
IAI
ACM
Subsequent HO ack.
HO COMMAND
HO DETECT
HO COMPLETE
Send end signal (MAP)

ANS
End signal (MAP)
Release
CLEAR COMMAND
Release (TUP)
~~
Release HON
CLEAR COMPLETE
End signal (MAP)

Release (TUP/ISUP)
92
HO report
~
~
Cut physical connection between MSCa and MSCb

Release HO report
Release HON
Cut physical connection between MSCAa and MSCb'
Inter MSC HOSubsequent HO

process
Subsequent HO
MSC-A
MSC-B
MSC-C
Highway
93
MSC-C
Inter MSC HO Signaling

process
Statistics counter
same as Intra MSC
HO, Statistics is
handled by BSC
HO formula-- same as
Intra MSC HO
94
Basic process of HO Signaling

process
1. There is no HO request information for intra-BSC HO,
and all of the HO are analyzed and processed in BSC. Once
the target cell as required is found in the BSC, Channel
activation information is sent to it directly.
2. When the target cell is not in the same BSC, BSC reports
CGI numbers of the serving cell and target cell, and HO
cause to MSC through Ho-Required. When MSC finds the
LAC of the target cell is in the MSC, it sends Ho-Request
to the BSC of the target cell, and the target BSC activates
the target cell channel to complete the following
procedure.
95
3. When MSC finds that the target cell LAC does not belong to
the MSC, it will query its LAI and GCI Table (including
LAC and router address of the adjacent MSC), and send
Prepare-HO message to the target MSC-B according to
the router address. The message includes CGI of the target
cell and indication whether or not to allocate HO number,
etc. According to the message, the target MSC-B sends
HO-Request message to the target BSC-B after
demanding HO number (unless it is not required in the
Intra-BSC HO and Inter-BSC

HO
Major differences:
Inter BSC HO transfers HO-REQ message
through MSC, with CGI of the serving cell and

target cell carried in the message.
Intra BSC HO does not have any CGI in any
messages, it is handled inside BSC.

Intra BSC HO only sends HO-Performed to MSC
upon completion of HO, and MSC is not involved

before that time.
In inter BSC HO, MSC is involved since the HO
request .
96
Question
What is the content of PHY INFO?
When will the system send this
message to MS?
Why Internal inter cell radio handover
success rate >= Internal inter cell
handover success rate?
97
Thank You

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OMF010002 Handover

To reduce the call drop rate

Timing Advance (TA) Emergency HO

Measurement Report (MR):

Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and

downlink receiving quality of the serving cell and

there will be an update to the basic rank of the

from MS. Before the rank-update, BSC needs to

Penalty on the target cell when a HO fails.

Penalty on the original serving cell when an

Penalty on other high priority layer cells after a

A new HO attempt is prohibited within the

the MS to select this cell again in next HO judgment.

( due to BQ and TA) occurs.

Basic Ranking and Secondary

Basic ranking and Secondary

RX_LEV(o) MSRXMIN(o)-MAX(0,Pa(o)) > 0 .. ( 1 )

For Neighbor cell: RX_LEV (n) > MSRXMIN(n)+ MAX(0,Pa(n))+ OFFSET

i.e : Having the same formula as above

Basic Ranking and Secondary

neighbor cells are ranked in descending order

Basic Ranking and Secondary

their own 16bits value. The smaller the value is,

The 1st-3rd bits: bit value is decided according to

the cell signal level and the penalty process

The values come from max. 6 candidate cells

Basic ranking and Secondary

Note: In PBGT HO, whichever the greater of the

Basic ranking and Secondary

Huawei cell layers can be divided into 4 layers

Basic ranking and Secondary

Basic Ranking and Secondary

The 11th bit: bit value is decided by cell-load-

Clue : When the cell load is higher than the

Basic Ranking and Secondary

parameter, having the same concept as the 12th

Basic Ranking and Secondary

The 14th bit: Layer HO threshold adjustment bit

Serving cell criterion:

Basic Ranking and Secondary

Usual situation : When the neighbor cells are of

Basic Ranking and Secondary

The 15th bit: Bit value is decided by cell type

Serving cell or Neighbor cells:

Fast moving HO judgment

TA & BQ HO, interference HO, Rx_Level_Drop

Edge HO, layer cell HO and PBGT HO

serving cell >

serving cell > DL Qual. Thrsh.

Requirements on the target cell (same

lowest 16bits value.

Requirements for the target cell:

level. But Receiving quality < threshold of quality

Requirements for the target cell:

Requirements for the target cell

neighbor cells DL or MSs UL signal level is lower

Requirements for the target cell:

Layer of the target cell is lower than the

cells path loss by the PBGT threshold value.

cell. If the system permits PBGT HO for the cell,

cell, and there are Q (=<P) numbers of cell that

When the serving cell is umbrella cell :

cell, a greater penalty can be given to the micro

downlink receive level and TA value.