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FACTS
Evapotranspiration does not contribute
significantly to the water budget over time
scales of individual storms, but over longer time
periods (weeks and months) this process is a
major component in the terrestrial water
budget
70% of the rainfall in the United States is
returned to the atmosphere via
evapotranspiration on an annual basis.
Evaporation Pans
Direct measure of evaporation in the field.
They are used to estimate the reference-crop
evapotranspiration, ET, by multiplying panevaporation measurements by pan coefficients
(radiation, wind, temperature and humidity).
ET k p E p
kp is the pan coefficient , varies seasonally (0.35
-0.85) see table 5.47 Pan Coefficients for various
site conditions
Ep in the measured pan evaporation
The estimation of evapotranspiration using the
coefficients from table 5.47 is called FAO-24 pan
Typical standardized site with a U.S.
evaporation method.
Weather Bureau Class A Pan (4ft in
diameter, 10 in deep, galvanized iron)
Problem
Evaporation-pan measurements indicate the daily
evaporation depths over the course of one week during
the summer: 8.2mm, 7.5mm, 7.6mm, 6.8mm, 7.6mm,
8.9mm, and 8.5mm. During this period the average wind
speed is 1.9m/s and the average daily relative humidity is
70%. If the evaporation pan is installed in a green area
with an upstream fetch of up to 1km, determine the 7-day
average reference evapotranspiration.
The calculation procedure is as follows:
1. Find kp from given data and using Table 5.47.
2. Calculate the 7 day average pan evaporation rate, Ep
3. Calculate ET (7 day average grass-reference
evapotranspiration) using reference crop
evapotranspiration equation.