SHAFTS

Layout and Design for Stress

Jos Luis Resndiz Isassi

Arturo Muoz Garcia

SHAFT LAYOUT
The general layout of a shaft to accommodate shaft elements must be
specified early in the design process in order to perform a free body force
analysis and to obtain shear-moment diagrams.
The geometry of a shaft is generally that of a stepped cylinder. There are
two types of shafts: the hollow shafts ( tubes) and the solid shafts.

SHAFT LAYOUT
The geometric configuration of a shaft to be designed is often simply a
revision of existing models in which a limited number of changes must be
made.
If there is no existing design to use as a starter, then the determination
of the shaft layout may have many solutions.

SHAFT DESIGN FOR STRESS

It is not necessary to evaluate the stresses in a shaft at every point; a few
potentially critical locations will suffice.
Critical locations will usually be on the outer surface,at axial locations
where the bending moment is large, where the torque is present, and
where stress concentrations exist.
The bending moments on a shaft can be determined by shear and
bending moment diagrams

SHAFT STRESSES
Bending, torsion, and axial stresses may be present in both midrange and
alternating components. For analysis, it is simple enough to combine the
different types of stresses into alternating and midrange von Mises
stresses.
The fluctuating stresses due to bending and torsion are given by

 Assuming a solid shaft with round cross section, appropriate geometry

terms can be introduced for c, I, and J resulting in

SHAFT DESING FOR DUCTILE

MATERIALS
It is based on resistance, it is controlled by the mximum shear stress
theory.
Fragile materials shaft should be designed based on the mximum normal
stress theory
Shatfs are subjected to torsin, bending and axial force.

EQUATIONS ARE
Torsion loads:
(for solid shafts)

(for hollow shafts)

Bending loads:
(for solid shafts)
(for hollow shafts)

 For

axial loads
(for solid shafts)

(for hollow shafts)

 ASME

equation for hollow shafts combine torsion, bending and axial

loads, applying the mximum shear stress equation modified by
introducing shock factors,fatigue and column.

(for solid shafts)

For stationary shafts

Kb

Kt

Trickle load

1.0

1.0

1.5 - 2.0

1.5 - 2.0

For rotation shafts

Kb

Kt

Trickle load

1.5

1.0

Sudden load minor

1.5 - 2.0

1.0 - 3.0

Sudden load higher

2.0 - 3.0

1.5 - 3.0

Sudden load

 ASME specifies that comercial Steel shaft

Ss (permissible) = 8000 psi for shafts without keyway
Ss (permissible) = 6000 psi

for shafts with keyway

And shafts defined specifications:

Ss is the 30% the elastic limit without going over the 18% the last traction stress
for shafts without keyway. These values must reduce 25% for shafts with keyway.

;
;

L/K < 115

L/K > 115

SHAFT DESIGN FOR RATIO TURN

It is based on the mximum permisible turn

(for hollow shaft)

(for solid shaft)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATENTION