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PSYCHOLOGY
8TH EDITION
By Robert Feldman
Ch#12: DEVELOPMENT
Developmental Psychology
Study of the patterns
of growth and
change that occur
throughout life
Nature-nurture
issue
Developmental
Genetically control
laboratory animals and
place in varied
environments
Identical twins
Developmental Research
Techniques
Cross-sectional Research
Compares people of different
ages at the same point in time
Differences among groups of people
Longitudinal Research
Traces the behavior of one or
more participants as the
participants age
Change in behavior over time
5
Developmental Research
Techniques
Sequential Research
Combines crosssectional and
longitudinal
approaches by
taking a number of
different age
groups and
Prenatal Development:
Conception to Birth
The Basics of Genetics
Chromosomes
Rod-shaped structures that
contain all basic hereditary
information
Genes
Smaller units through which
genetic information is
transmitted
Composed of sequences of DNA
7
Prenatal Development:
Conception to Birth
The Human Genome
Project
Scientists mapped the
specific location and
sequence of every human
gene
Gene therapy
Health-care providers inject
genes to correct particular
diseases directly into a patients
The Extraordinary
Newborn
Reflexes
Unlearned, involuntary responses that
occur automatically in the presence of
certain stimuli
Rooting reflex
Sucking reflex
Gag reflex
Startle reflex
Babinski reflex
The Extraordinary
Newborn
Development of the Senses:
Taking in the World
Visual abilities grow rapidly
after birth
Habituation
Decrease in the response to a
stimulus that occurs after repeated
presentations of the same stimulus
10
11
Figure 4 of Module 28
12
13
Figure 6 of Module 28
14
16
17
18
19
Figure 9 of Module 28
20
Adolescence: Becoming an
Adult
Adolescence
Developmental stage
between childhood and
adulthood
Moral and Cognitive
Development:
Distinguishing Right from Wrong
Kohlbergs Theory
of Moral
Development
Three-level sequence
Judgments, not
moral behavior
Moral development
in women
22
Figure 2 of Module 29
Social Development:
Finding Oneself in a Social
World
Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial
Development: The Search for
Identity
Identity-versus-role-confusion stage
Identity
Intimacy-versus-isolation stage
Early adulthood
Focuses on developing close relationships with
others
23
Social Development:
Finding Oneself in a Social
World
Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial
Development: The Search for Identity
Generativity-versus-stagnation stage
Middle adulthood
Ability to contribute to ones family,
community, work, and society, and to assist
the development of the younger generation
Ego-integrity-versus-despair stage
Later adulthood until death
Sense of accomplishment
24
Social Development:
Finding Oneself in a Social
World
Stormy Adolescence: Myth
or Reality?
Research shows that adolescence
is not a period fraught with stress
and unhappiness as once thought,
but nevertheless does have some
strife
Adolescent egocentrism
State of self-absorption in which a
teenager views the world from his own
point of view
25
Social Development:
Finding Oneself in a Social
World
School problems
Signs of depression
Self-destructive behavior
Loss of appetite or
excessive eating
Explicit announcement of
thoughts of suicide
Adolescent Suicide
Third leading cause of death for
adolescents
Warning signs:
26
Adulthood
What are the principal kinds of
physical, social, and intellectual
changes that occur in early and
middle adulthood, and what are
their causes?
How does the reality of late
adulthood differ from the
stereotypes about that period?
How can we adjust to death?
27
Physical Development:
The Peak of Health
For most people, early adulthood
marks the peak of physical health
Around age 25, the body
becomes slightly less efficient
and more susceptible to disease
28
Social Development:
Working at Life
People typically launch
themselves into careers, marriage,
and families
Midlife transition
Period when people may begin to
question their lives
Midlife crisis
29
30
31
35
Adjusting to Death
Elisabeth Kbler-Rosss Five Stages
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
36