Linear Equations

In One Variable

Defination
A Linear equation is an equation
involving single variables or
literals which have highest power
1, i.e. we have linear equation as
one variable.

Rules for solving linear equations

Rule 1: Same quantity can be added to both sides of the
equation.
Rule 2: Same quantity can be subtracted from both sides of
the equation.
Rule 3: Both sides of an equation can be multiplied by the
same number.
Rule 4: Both sides of an equation can be divided by the
same non zero number.

Transposition Method
When any term or equation is shifted from one side to another side,
then the sign of the term changes. This is known as transposition.
The changes that takes place are:
i.

Addition Changes to subtraction

Example :

x+8 =11
x = 11-8

(+8 becomes 8

when shifted)
x=3
ii. Subtraction Changes to Addition.
Example:

y-9 = 11
y= 11+9

shifted)
y=20

(-9 becomes +9 when

iii. Multiplication Changes to division

Example:

5* = 20
5 * x = 20 (x is multiplied by 5 which
on shifting 20 divides by 5)
x= 20/5
x=4
iv. Division changes to Multiplication
Example:

x/6 = 2
x= 2 X 6 (Division by 6 changes to
multiplication by 6 on shifting)
x = 12

Examples
1. Solve for x: 5x 2 = 3x 4
Solution:
5x -2 = 3x -4
5x = 3x 4 +2
5x 3x = -4 +2
2x = -2
x = -2 / 2
x = -1

2. Solve for x :2x x = 31 + 3 (2x+1)

Solution
2x-x = 31 + 3 (2x +1)
x= 31 + 6x +3
x 6x = 31 + 3
-5x = 34
x = - 34 / 5
3. Solve for x: 6(3x+2) -5 (6x-1) = 6(x-3)-5(7x-6) +12x

Solution
6(3x+2) -5 (6x-1) = 6(x-3)-5(7x-6) +12x
18x +12 -30x +5 = 6x -18 -35x +30 +12x
18x-30x-6x+35x-12x = -18+30-12-5
18x+35x -30x -12x-6x = 30-35
53x-45x = -5
5x =-5
x =-1

Application of Linear Equation to word

problems
Follow the steps given here to solve word problems
successfully.

Read the problem thoroughly.

Note what is given and what need to be find out
Denote the unknown quantity with any literal, say x,y,z etc.
Translate the statement of the given problem in to algebraic
equation.

Examples
Problem :
If three less then a number is 10
find the number
Solution :
let the number be x
so x-3 = 10
x = 10+3
x = 13

Problem :
A is twice as old as B. Three years ago As age was three times as of B
find the age of A.
Solution :
let Bs age be x years, So As age = 2x
Three years ago Bs Age = x-3
As Age = 2x-3
According to given condition
2x-3 = 3(x-3)
2x-3 = 3x-9
2x 3x = -9 + 3
-x = -6
x=6
Bs age = 6 years
As age = 2*6 = 12 Years

mixed word problems

Problem :
One Number is 6 time the other. Their sum is 140 find the two numbers
Solution
let the other number be x
then first number = 6x
According to question
6x +x =140
7x =140
x = 140/7
x =20
First number = 6 *20 = 120
Other number
= 20
Thus 120 & 20 are required two numbers

Problem :
Gauri has a piggy bank it is full of 1 rupee and 50 paisa coins it contains
three times as many 50 paisa coins as 1 rupee coins. The total amount in the
piggy bank is 35 rupees how many coins are there of each kind in the piggy
bank
Solution:
let the number of 1 rupee be x
then the number of 50 paisa coins = 3x
rupees 35 = 35 *100 paisa = 3500 paisa
Rs. 1 = 100 paisa and x coins make 100x paisa
coins of 50 paisa are 3x X 50 = 150 x paisa
Total 250x paisa
According to Question 250x = 3500
x = 3500/ 250
x= 14
Number of 1 Rupee Coin = 14
Number of 50 paisa coins = 3x = 3 X 14 = 42.

Problem:
The length of a rectangle is 6m less than three times
its breadth. Find the length and the breadth of the
rectangle if its perimeter is 148m.
Solution:
Let the breadth of given rectangle be x m .
Then ,
Length =(3x-6)m
According to the question,
Perimeter of Rectangle = 148m
2(3x-6+x)=148
2(4x-6)=148
8x-12=148
8x=148+12
8x=160
x=160/2=80

Problem:
A 100 litre solution of acid and water contains 20 litres
of acid. How many water must be added to make the solution
16% acidic?
Solution:
Let x litres of water be added to make the solution
16 % acidic.
Then, the volume of solution = 100+x litres
16% of this is acid
i.e,
16/100(100+x) = 20 litres
16(100+x)=20*100
1600+16x=2000
16x=2000-1600=400
x=400/16=25 litres

Problem:
A number consists of 2 digits whose sum is 8. if 18 is added to it its
digits are reversed. Find the number.
Solution :
Let the digit of the units place be x.
then, the number at tens place=8-x
original number = 10(8-x) +x
= 80-10x+x
=80-9x
The reversed number = 10x+8-x
=9x+8
According to question,
80-9x+18 = 9x+8
9x+9x=80+18-8
18x=90
x=90/18=5
Digit at units place = x = 5
And, digit at
tens place = 8-x =8-5 =3
The number = 10*3+5 =30+5
=35

THANK

YO