Ingress Protection (IP)

&
HAZARDOUS AREAS
BY:
RABIA AKHTAR
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

5/28/15

Agenda
What is IP?
1st Digit
2nd Digit
Additional Letter

Hazardous Area Classification

Divisions or Zones

GE Jenbacher Gas gen-sets compliance

in Oil & Gas sector

What is IP?
IEC outlined international classification system for
sealing effectiveness of enclosures.
Protects accidental direct contacts with live parts i.e.
tools, fingers, dust) and moisture.
Provide detailed information than vague marketing
terms; waterproof, shock resistant, dust proof etc.
Utilizes the letters IP (Ingress Protection) followed by
two digits (example: IP 64)
Sometimes a third digit which is a letter like IP 20C or
IP XXA .
Doesnot apply to protection against the risk of
explosion or conditions such as corrosive gasses, fungi
or vermin.

1st digit
Protection from solid objects intruding
the
enclosure.
Protection of personnel against direct
contact with live parts.

Protection from Solid

Objects Intruding the
1st Digit
Enclosure

Explanation

No protection against contact

and ingress of objects

No protection

Any large surface of the body,

such as the back of a hand, but
Protection against solid No protection against deliberate
objects >50 mm
contact with a body part

Protection from Solid

Objects Intruding the
1st Digit
Enclosure

Explanation

Protection against solid

objects >12.5 mm
Fingers or similar objects

Protection against solid

objects >2.5 mm
Tools, thick wires, etc.

1st Digit

Protection from Solid

Objects Intruding the
Enclosure

Explanation

Protection against solid

objects >1 mm
Most wires, screws, etc.

Dust protected

Ingress of dust is not entirely

prevented, but it must not enter
in sufficient quantity to interfere
with the satisfactory operation
of the equipment; complete
protection against contact

Dust tight

No ingress of dust; complete

protection against contact

2nd digit

Protection of the equipment

against penetration of moisture and
water with harmful effects

Level

Protected
against

Testing for

Details

Non protected

No Protection

Dripping water
Test duration: 10 minutes
(vertically falling Water equivalent to
Dripping water
drops) shall have no
1mm rainfall per minute
harmful effect.

Level Protected against

Dripping water
when tilted up to
15

Spraying water

Testing for

Details

Vertically dripping
water shall have no
Test duration: 10 minutes
harmful effect when
Water equivalent to
the enclosure is tilted at
an angle up to 15 from 3mm rainfall per minute
its normal position.

Test duration: 5 minutes

Water falling as a spray Water volume: 0.7 litres per
at any angle up to 60 minute
from the vertical shall
have no harmful effect. Pressure:
80100 kN/m

Level

Protected against

Testing for

Details

Splashing water

Water splashing
against the enclosure Test duration: 5 minutes
from any direction
Water volume: 10 litres per minute
shall have no harmful Pressure: 80100 kN/m
effect.

Water jets

Water projected by a Test duration: at least 3 minutes

nozzle (6.3mm)
Water volume: 12.5 litres per minute
against enclosure from Pressure: 30 kN/m at distance of 3m
any direction shall
have no harmful
effects.

Level

Protected against

Testing for

Water projected in
powerful jets
(12.5mm nozzle)
Powerful water jets against the enclosure
from any direction
shall have no harmful
effects.

Immersion up to
1m

Details
Test duration: at least 3 minutes
Water volume:
100 litres per minute
Pressure:
100 kN/m at
distance of 3m

Ingress of water in
harmful quantity shall
not be possible when Test duration: 30 minutes
the enclosure is
Immersion at depth of 1m
immersed in water
under defined
conditions of pressure
and time (up to 1 m of
submersion).

Level

Protected against

Immersion beyond
1m

Testing for

Details

The equipment is suitable for

continuous immersion in water
under conditions which shall
be specified by the
manufacturer. Normally, this Test duration: continuous
will mean that the equipment immersion in water
Depth specified by manufacturer
is hermetically sealed.
However, with certain types of
equipment, it can mean that
water can enter but only in
such a manner that it produces
no harmful effects.

Additional Letter
Corresponds
to
personnel against
with live parts

protection
of
direct contact

Level

Protected Against

With the back of the hand

With the finger

With a 2.5 mm diameter tool

With a 1 mm wire

Remember.
Protection Class of generator IP23
Interface Panel - IP 54 external, IP 10 internal
(protection against direct contact with live
parts)
Ethernet, CAN bus, Data bus Protection classIP 65
Starting System Battery degree of protection
IP 20
Electrical Equipment IP 40 external, IP 10
internal

HAZARDOUS AREAS
CLASSIFICATION

What is Hazardous area?

Where concentrations of flammable gases, vapors, or
dust is present, or expected to be present.
Electrical equipment installed in these locations are
especially designed and tested as to ensure that it does
not initiate an explosion.
In case of a small flare-up, it should remain within the
device, or must not produce sparks and trigger an
explosion.
Effected industries include Oil & Gas, petroleum
refineries, chemical plants, sewerage treatment and
grain handling, spray painting shops, aircraft hangars,
petrol depots, terminals and garages.

Divisions or zones (gases, vapors and

dust)
Refineries and chemical plants are divided
into areas of risk of release of gas, vapor or
dust known as divisions or zones.
Typical gas hazards are from hydrocarbon
compounds, but hydrogen and ammonia are
common industrial gases that are flammable.

Safe area
Area such as a residence or office would be
classed as safe area, as there is a very low risk of
causing an explosion and are more of a fire risk.
Safe area on chemical and other plant are present
where the hazardous gas is diluted to a
concentration below 25% of its lower flammability
limit.
Division 2 or Zone 2 area
In this zone the gas, vapor or mist would only be
present under abnormal conditions (most often
leaks under abnormal conditions).
As a general guide for Zone 2, unwanted
substances should only be present under 10
hours/year or 00.1% of the time.

Division 1 or Zone 1 area

Gas, vapor or mist will be present or expected to
be present for long periods of time under normal
operating conditions.
As a guide for Zone 1, this can be defined as 10
1000 hours/year or 0.110% of the time.
Zone 0 area
Gas or vapor is present all of the time. An
example of this would be the vapor space above
the liquid in the top of a tank or drum.
The ANSI/NEC classification method consider this
environment a Division 1 area. As a guide for
Zone 0, this can be defined as over 1000
hours/year or >10% of the time.

Ignition sources may be:

Flames
Direct fired space and process heating
Use of cigarettes/matches etc
Cutting and welding flames
Hot surfaces
Heated process vessels such as dryers and
furnaces
Space heating equipment
Mechanical machinery
Electrical equipment and lights

Spontaneous heating
Friction heating or sparks
Sparks from electrical equipment
Stray currents from electrical equipment
Electrostatic discharge sparks
Lightning strikes
Electromagnetic radiation of different
wavelengths
Vehicles, unless specially designed or
modified are likely to contain a range of
potential ignition sources

Zones (dusts)
Flammable dusts when suspended in air can explode.
Zones where toxic dusts are processed, releases into the
general atmosphere should be prevented, and the extent
of any zone 21 or 22 outside the containment system
should be minimal or non-existent.
The inside of different parts of the plant may need to be
zoned as 20, 21 or 22, depending on the conditions at
particular locations.
Classification of dusts relating to auto-ignition and
minimum ignition current is undertaken similarly to gases/
vapors, but involves additional complications. The
explosibility of dusts is dependent upon a number of
factors:

Zone definitions
Zone 20: A place in which an explosive atmosphere in
the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is present
continuously, or for long periods or frequently.
Zone 21: A place in which an explosive atmosphere in
the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is likely to
occur, occasionally, in normal operation.
Zone 22: A place in which an explosive atmosphere in
the form of a cloud of combustible dust in air is not
likely to occur in normal operation but, if it does occur,
will persist for a short period only

Gasses Classification
Explosive gases, vapors and dusts have different
chemical properties that affect the likelihood and
severity of an explosion.
Each chemical gas or vapor used in industry is
classified into a gas group.
Group

Representative Gases

GROUP I

Methane

GROUP IIA

Propane

GROUP IIB

Ethylene

GROUP IIC

Hydrogen

Elements for a Fire (the familiar "Fire Triangle"):

1. Combustible dust (fuel);

2. Ignition source (heat); and,
3. Oxygen in air (oxidizer).
Additional Elements Needed for a Combustible Dust Explosion:
4. Dispersion of dust particles in sufficient quantity and concentration;
and,
5. Confinement of the dust cloud.

Combustible Dust Explosion:

A combustible dust explosion hazard may exist in a variety of industries,
including: food (e.g., candy, starch, flour, feed), plastics, wood, rubber,
furniture, textiles, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes, coal, metals (e.g.,
aluminum, chromium, iron, magnesium, and zinc), and fossil fuel power
generation.
The vast majority of natural and synthetic organic materials, as well as
some metals, can form combustible dust.

Why GEJ is out for Oil & Gas

sector while our competitors
fully comply and strictly
adhere to the specifications


Jenbacher Gas Engines dont create a
Hazardous Zone due to our ventilation
system (overpressure, etc.)
Jenbacher Gas Engines are not proofed or
qualified for usage in all Hazardous Zones
(0, 1, 2, .).

Conclusion: Jenbacher Gas Engines dont

create a Hazardous Zone but they are also
not allowed to be put in a Hazardous Area.

How we can improve our product

to
Meet the market standards
Meet the Customer demand
Comply the Oil & Gas sector, left
open for our competitors.

We have to concentrate toimprove our

gen-set standard specifications
Interface panel
Water pumps
Ignition system
Alternator (IP55 from IP23)
The various transducers
Fuel and Exhaust Piping
Turbo charger
Etc.

Its Time to Spend Money

We need to..
Hire a consultant, to guide us comply
the stringent regulation of O&G
industries

Find a Gen-set Packager in Local or

International Market to replace the
necessary components and Improve the
product

ThankYou