2 - NRG - Wall Thickness Design

Pipeline Design Training
Wall Thickness Design
Which is the most conservative design code?

2 August 2006
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training@nrgengineering.com
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Scope of Presentation
Introduction
Design Codes
Aspects Used for Comparison
Method of Comparison
Input Data
Internal Pressure Containment

External Pressure Collapse
Local Buckling
Buckle Propagation
Comparison Table for Design Codes
Conclusion
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Introduction
Design Codes
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B31.8
American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 1111 (API
RP 1111)
Det Norske Veritas 1981 (DNV 81)
Det Norske Veritas 2000 (DNV 2000)
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Introduction (contd)
Aspects used for Comparison

Local Buckling
Buckle Propagation
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Method of Comparison
The equations for the 4 aspects (e.g Internal Pressure Containment) are
presented
The Wall Thickness for Internal Pressure Containment across the 4
design codes are determined
After all the 4 aspects are done a conclusion will be drawn as to which
is the most and the least conservative of the 4 codes
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Input Data
Pipe Outer Diameter
Line Pipe Specification / Type
Specified Minimum Yield Strength
Specified Minimum Tensile Strength
Youngs Modulus (Steel)
Design Pressure
Hoop Stress Design Factor
Temperature Derating Factor
Longitudinal Joint Factor
Density of Seawater
Collapse Factor
Poisson Ratio
Propagation Buckling Design Factor
Axial Force (+ve for compression)

Bending Stress (as a % of SMYS)
Hydrostatic Pressure
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=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
355.6 mm
API 5L X 60 / Seamless
414 MPa
517 MPa
207000 MPa
9.93 MPa
0.72
1
1
1030 kg/m3
0.7
0.3
0.8
0N
72 %
12.41 MPa
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ASME B31.8
The equation used is:
2St
P
FET
D
Where,
D = Outside Diameter of Pipe
E = Longitudinal Joint Factor
F = Design Factor
P = Design Pressure
S = Specified Min. Yield Strength (SMYS)
T = Temperature Derating Factor
t = Nominal Wall Thickness
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API RP 1111
The following equations must be satisfied:
a)
Pt f d f t f e Pb
b)
Pd 0.80 Pt
c)
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Pa 0.90 Pt
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The specified minimum burst pressure (P b) is determined by

one of the following formulae:
D
Pb 0.45( S U ) ln
Di
(1)
(2)
Pb 0.90( S U )
Where
t
D t
Di
D
= outside diameter of pipe
= D 2t = inside diameter of pipe
S
t
U
= Specified minimum yield strength of pipe

= Nominal wall thickness of pipe
= Specified ultimate tensile strength of pipe
For low D/t pipe (D/t < 15), formula (2) is recommended
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API RP 1111
Where,
fd = Internal Pressure Design Factor
fe = Weld Joint Factor Factor
ft = Internal Pressure Design Factor
Pa = Incidental Overpressure
Pb = Specified Minimum Burst Pressure
Pd = Pipeline Design Pressure
Pt = Hydrostatic Test Pressure
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DNV 1981
The equation used is:
Where
D
y pi pe
2t
pi = Internal Pressure
pe= External Pressure

y = Tensile Hoop Stress
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DNV 2000
The pressure containment shall fulfill the following

criteria:
pb t
pli pe
SC m
Where
2t
2
Pb, s (t )
SMYS.
D t
3
2t
2
Pb ,u (t )
SMTS
D t
3
pb t Min ( pb , s t ; pb ,u t
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DNV 2000
Where,
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pb,s(t)
= Yielding Limit State
pb,u(t)
= Bursting Limit Limit State
pli
= Local Incidental Pressure
SC
= Safety Class Resistance Factor
= Material Resistance Factor
27 May 2015
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ASME B31.8
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None. Typically, follows API.
27 May 2015
API RP 1111
The following criteria must be satisfied:
Po Pi
Where
Pc
f o Pc
Py Pe
2
Py Pe
t
Py 2S
D
3
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Pe 2 E
1 v 2
27 May 2015
API RP 1111
Where,
fo = Collapse Factor
Pc = Collapse Pressure of Pipe
Pe = Elastic Collapse Pressure of Pipe
P0 = External Hydrostatic Pressure
Py = Yield Pressure at Collapse
v = Poissons Ratio (0.3 for steel)
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DNV 2000
The following criteria must be met:
pc pe1 pc
Where
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t
2E
D
pe1
1 v2
pp
D
pc pe1 p p f o
t
t
p p 2 S fab
D
Dmax Dmin
fo
D
27 May 2015
DNV 2000
Where,
pc
pe
1.1 m SC
pc = Characteristic Collapse Pressure
pe1 = Elastic Collapse Pressure
pp = Plastic Collapse Pressure
fo = Ovality
fab = Fabrication Factor
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LOCAL BUCKLING
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DNV 1981
The following criteria must be satisfied:
a)
b)
c)
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x x x
FA
N
x
A
M
x 0.72S
N
27 May 2015
DNV 1981
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x
x
N
M
xcr
xcr
x
x
N
d)
xcr
e)
xcr
f)
xcr
D

S 1 0.001
20
t

S 1.35 0.0045
t
27 May 2015
DNV 1981
g)
300 y
1
D / t ycr
h)
D
y pe pi
2t
ycr
i)
j)
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t
E
D t

xp xcr
y
1
yp ycr
27 May 2015
DNV 1981
Where,
x = Longitudinal Stress
xN = Longitudinal Stress (Axial)
xM = Longitudinal Stress (Bending)
xcr = Critical Longitudinal Stress
xcrN = Critical Longitudinal Stress (Axial)
xcrM = Critical Longitudinal Stress (Bending)
ycr = Critical Hoop Stress (Pressure)
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BUCKLE PROPAGATION
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API RP 1111
The following equations have to be satisfied:
Po Pi f p Pp
Where,
t
Pp 24 S
D
2.4
Pp = Buckle Propagation Pressure

fp = Propagating Buckle Design Factor
Po = External Hydrostatic Pressure
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DNV 1981
The following equation has to be satisfied:
t
p pr 1.15
D t
Where
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Ppr = Propagation Pressure
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DNV 2000
The following equations have to be satisfied:
a)
b)
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t
p pr 35S fab
D
p pr
pe
m SC
27 May 2015
2.5
COMPARISON TABLE
For the design codes
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Comparison Table
OD = 914.4 mm; P = 15 MPa; WD = 50 100m;
Content density = 200 kg/m3 ; Wave Ht = 3.8 m
ASME
B31.8
API RP 1111
DNV 1981
DNV 2000
20.6 mm
20.46 mm
21.93 mm
19.90 mm
External
Pressure
Collapse
13.80 mm
13.61 mm
14.25 mm
Local
Buckling
22.0 mm
21.68 mm
21.35 mm
23.42 mm
21.15 mm
Internal
Pressure
Containment
Buckle
Propagation
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CONCLUSION
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Conclusion
From the Comparison Table, it can be seen that, each aspect for
each check, may result in different value for the Wall Thickness.
The highest value gotten for one particular check is taken (in
bold).
From this it can be seen that the most conservative code is DNV
1981.
The least conservative is DNV 2000.
NRG ENGINEERING
27 May 2015
Pipeline Design Training
Any questions?
NRG ENGINEERING
training@nrgengineering.com
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Pipeline Design Training

Wall Thickness Design

Which is the most conservative design code?

The Power to Deliver

Internal Pressure Containment

The Power to Deliver #2

The Power to Deliver #3

Internal Pressure Containment

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Axial Force (+ve for compression)

Internal Pressure Containment

The Power to Deliver #7

The equation used is:

The Power to Deliver #8

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The specified minimum burst pressure (P b) is determined by

= Specified minimum yield strength of pipe

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The equation used is:

pe= External Pressure

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The pressure containment shall fulfill the following

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= Yielding Limit State

= Bursting Limit Limit State

= Local Incidental Pressure

= Safety Class Resistance Factor

= Material Resistance Factor

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External Pressure Collapse

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None. Typically, follows API.

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The following criteria must be satisfied:

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The following criteria must be met:

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The following criteria must be satisfied:

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The following equations have to be satisfied:

Pp = Buckle Propagation Pressure

The Power to Deliver #27

The following equation has to be satisfied:

Ppr = Propagation Pressure

The Power to Deliver #28

The following equations have to be satisfied:

The Power to Deliver #29

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Pipeline Design Training

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