From Asset to Atoll

Conversion of Standard
Propagation Model (SPM)

Background
A very important input for a new RF design is the
propagation model.
The
propagation
model
is
anmathematicalformulationfor the characterization of
radio wave propagation as a function of frequency,
distance and other conditions.
A single model is usually developed to predict the behavior
of propagation for all similar links under similar constraints.

Background
Since there are multiple RF simulation tools,
every tool has specific parameters in order to do
a fine adjustment in the propagation models.
Once these parameters are identified and
matched, it is possible to use the propagation
model from one tool to another, assuring that
there wont be huge difference between the
results of different tools.

SPM
All computed coverage, interference and
capacity results in the cellular network
planning tools are based on losses between
base stations ad points on the digital map that
computed
from
propagation
prediction
models.
Standard propagation models in Asset and
Atoll are based on Okumura-Hata models.

SPM
Hata model is derived from Okumuras model
In Hata model frequency, distance, base (BS) and
mobile station (MS) antenna heights are limited:
150 MHz < Frequency < 1500 MHz
1 km < Distance < 20 km
30 m < BS Antenna Height < 200 m
1 m < MS Antenna Height < 10 m

SPM in asset
SPM in Asset is presented below:
= ++

Where:
= + + +
= +
= +

*In Asset distances between BS and MS are in kilometers.

SPM in Asset
And:

d: Distance between the BS and MS (in km).

Hms: Height of mobile station from ground.
Hef: Effective BS antenna height.
dif: diffraction loss
K1: Intercept
K2: Slope
K3: Antenna height factor
K4: Okumura-Hata multiplying factor for H ms
K5: Effective antenna height gain
K6: Okumura-Hata type multiplying factor for log(H eff)log(d)
K7: Diffraction
CLoss: Clutter loss (height and separation is also included)

SPM in atoll
SPM in Atoll is presented below:
=++

Where :
= ++ +
= +
= + ()+,
*In Atoll distances between BS and MS are in meters.
**Thus coefficients of the terms in models of the tools containing distance
parameter have to be modified.

SPM in Atoll
And:

K1: Constant offset (dBm)

K2: Multiplying factor for log(d)
d: Distance between the receiver and the transmitter (in m).
K3: Multiplying factor for log(HTxef)
HTxef: Effective height of the transmitter antenna (in m).
K4: Multiplying factor for diffraction calculation (must be a positive value)
Difraction: Losses due to diffraction over and obstructed path (dB)
K5: Multiplying factor for log(HTxef)log(d)
K6: Multiplying factor for HRxef
K7: Multiplying factor for log(HRxef)
HRxef: Mobile antenna height.
KClutter: Multiplying factor for f(clutter)
f(clutter): Average of weighted losses due to clutter
Khill,LOS: Corrective factor for hilly regions (=0 in case of NLOS)

Matching Parameters
Related parameters:

Matching parameters
Once relating parameters and
matching coefficients between Asset
Asset
and Atoll, thecoefficients
result
is coefficients
asAtoll
follows:
k1

K1 = k1 3k2

k2

K2 = k2

k3

K3 = k5 3k6

k4

K4 = k7

k5

K5 = k6

k6

K6 = k3

k7

K7 = k4

KClutter

Khill,LOS

Note
It is very important to remember that a
propagation model is a mathematical
formulation and it is necessary to keep in
mind that the result of the coverage plot
will not represent the real coverage but
with very fine adjustments it is possible to
reach a good plot that will reflect
something really close to real situation.