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Power Supplies
PowerSupplyDiagram
FilterCircuits
RippleFactor
100
dc voltage
V dc
Half-Wave
DC output:
DC output:
Vdc 0.636Vm
Vdc 0.318Vm
AC ripple output:
Vr(rms) 0.385Vm
AC ripple output:
Ripple factor:
Ripple factor:
Vr(rms)
%r
100
Vdc
%r
Vr(rms)
Vdc
Vr(rms) 0.308Vm
100
0.385Vm
100 121%
0.318Vm
0.308 Vm
100 48%
0.636 Vm
TypesofFilterCircuits
Capacitor Filter
RC Filter
CapacitorFilter
Ripple voltage
Vr(rms)
I dc
4 3fC
2.4I dc 2.4Vdc
C
RLC
Ripple factor
%r
Vr(rms)
Vdc
100
2.4I dc
2.4
100
100
CVdc
RLC
DiodeRatingswithCapacitorFilter
The size of the capacitor increases the current drawn through the diodes
the larger the capacitance, the greater the amount of current.
Peak Current vs. Capacitance:
CV
t
where
C = capacitance
V = change in capacitor voltage during charge/discharge
t = the charge/discharge time
RCFilterCircuit
Adding an RC section further
reduces the ripple voltage and
decrease the surge current
through the diodes.
Vr(rms)
XC
Vr(rms)
R
%VR
VNL VFL
100%
VFL
VoltageRegulationCircuits
There are two common types of circuitry for voltage
regulation:
Discrete Transistors
ICs
10
DiscreteTransistorRegulators
Series voltage regulator
Current-limiting circuit
Shunt voltage regulator
11
SeriesVoltageRegulatorCircuit
The series element controls the amount of the input voltage that gets to
the output.
If the output voltage increases (or decreases), the comparator circuit
provides a control signal to cause the series control element to decrease
(or increase) the amount of the output voltage.
12
SeriesVoltageRegulatorCircuit
SeriesVoltageRegulatorCircuit
14
CurrentLimitingCircuit
When IL increases:
15
ShuntVoltageRegulatorCircuit
16
ShuntVoltageRegulatorCircuit
17
ShuntVoltageRegulatorCircuit
18
ICVoltageRegulators
Regulator ICs contain:
Comparator circuit
Reference voltage
Control circuitry
Overload protection
19
The range of input voltages that can be regulated for a specific range of
output voltage and load current
Load regulationvariation in output voltage with variations in load
current
Line regulationvariation in output voltage with variations in input
voltage
20
FixedPositiveVoltageRegulator
21
FixedNegativeVoltageRegulator
22
AdjustableVoltageRegulator
23
PracticalPowerSupplies
DC supply (linear power supplies)
Chopper supply (switching power supplies)
TV horizontal high voltage supply
Battery chargers
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