6

Geometry

Prepared by:
Richard Mitchell
Humber College

CASE STUDY

6.1-STRAIGHT LINES AND

ANGLES

ConstandV
aribles

6.1-DEFINITIONS-Pages 152 to
154
See WileyPLUS glossary for
terms and definitions

A
N
S:A
3B1406
=

6.1-EXAMPLE 1-Page 153

Find the measure (in degrees) of angles A and B in the structure

shown in Fig. 6-7.

A=34

B =180o -34o =146o

Angle A is opposite the 340

angle and Angle B is

supplementary to Angle A.

A
N
S:PQ
R820.m

6.1-EXAMPLE 3-Page 154

A portion of a street map is shown in Fig. 6-11. Find the

distances PQ and QR.

PQ 172

72.0 155

QR 172

198 155

172
PQ
72.0
155

172
QR
198
155

PQ 80.0 m

QR 220 m

(3 SD's)

(3 SD's)

6.2 - TRIANGLES

ConstandV
aribles

6.2-DEFINITIONS-Pages 155 to
159
See WileyPLUS glossary for
terms and definitions

A
N
S:=69

6.2-EXAMPLE 4-Page 156

Find angle in Fig. 6-21.

Sum of Angles = (7-2)(180o) 900o

= 900o (278o 62o 123o 99o 226o 43o)

= 900o (831o)
= 69o

A
N
S:1250(3SD's)

6.2-EXAMPLE 5-Page 156

Find the area of the triangle in Fig. 6-23 if the base is 52.0
and the altitude is 48.0.

48.0

52.0(48.0)
Area=
2

= 1248
= 1250

(square units-rounded)

52.0

A
N
S:2.8(3SD's)

6.2-EXAMPLE 6-Page 157

Find the area of the triangle having sides of lengths 3.25,

2.16 and 5.09.
2.16

3.25

5.09

3.25 2.16 5.09

s=
5.25
2

Area = 5.25(5.25 3.25)(5.25 2.16)(5.25 5.09)

= 2.278420506
= 2.28

(square units-rounded)

A
N
S:4.16m
(3SD
's)

6.2-EXAMPLE 8-Page 158

Two beams, AB and CD, in the framework of Fig. 6-27 are

parallel. Find distance AE.

AE 5.14

5.87 7.25
5.14
AE
5.87
7.25
AE 4.16 m

(3 SD's)

A
N
S:12.5(3SD's)

6.2-EXAMPLE 9-Page 158

A right triangle has legs of length 6 units and 11 units. Find the
length of the hypotenuse (c) to 3 significant digits.
=?

= 11

c 2 62 112
c 2 157
c 157
c 12.5

(square units-rounded)

=6

6.2-DEFINITIONS-Page 159
Special Triangles

a 3gb

3gc
2

c 2b
b

a
3

2a
3

30o: 60o: 90o - Right Triangle

45o - Right Triangle

3:4:5 - Right Triangle

The side opposite the 30o angle is half the length of the

The hypotenuse is 2 times the length of either

The sides are in the ratio of

hypotenuse.

side.

3:4:5

6.3 - QUADRILATERALS

6.3-DEFINITIONS-Page 162
Quadrilaterals

Opposite sides are parallel and equal. Opposite angles are equal

Same as parallelogram but its diagonals bisect each

Two sides (bases) are parallel and the altitude is

and each diagonal cuts the other diagonal into two equal parts.

other at right angles and bisect the angles of the

the distance between the bases.

rhombus.

2(3SD's)
ANS:16.m

6.3-EXAMPLE 12-Page 162

A solar collector array consists of six rectangular panels, each

115 cm x 235 cm, each with a blocked rectangular area (needed
for connections) measuring 12.0 cm x 22.5 cm. Find the total
collecting area in square metres.

Total Area
(each panel) = (115)(235)
= 27 000 cm 2
Blocked Area
(each panel) = (12.0)(22.5)
= 270 cm 2
Collecting Area
(each panel) = 27 000 - 270
= 26 700 cm 2

TOTAL Collecting Area

(six panels) = 6 x 26 700
= 161 000 cm 2
or 16.1 m

6.4 THE CIRCLE

6.4-DEFINITIONS-Page 163 to
165
Circles

A
N
S:O
P=253cm
(3SD
's)

6.4-EXAMPLE 15-Page 165

Find the distance OP in Fig. 6-50.

OQ = 115 cm (radius)

PQ = 340-115
= 225 cm

OP = (115) 2 (225) 2
OP = 252.6855754 cm

115 cm

225 cm

A
N
S:x=201(3SD's)

6.4-EXAMPLE 16-Page 165

Find the distance x in Fig. 6-52 to 3 SDs.

= 90o

= 90o
Diameter = 2r = 250
x = (250) 2 -(148) 2
x = 40596
x = 201.4844907

Diameter = 250

6.5-VOLUMES AND AREAS

OF SOLIDS

6.5-DEFINITIONS-Page 167
Formulas for Areas and Volumes
Volume is a measure of the space it occupies or encloses (m3, cm3, ft3 etc).

SURFACE AREA: Total area of the surface of a solid, including the ends or bases.

LATERAL AREA: Does not include the area of the ends or bases.

CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA: Area of the plane figure obtained when we slice

the solid in a specified way.

3(SD's)
A
N
S:x=467cm

6.5-EXAMPLE 17-Page 168

Find the volume of a cone having a base area of 125 cm2

and an altitude of 11.2 cm.

Volume =

h
(area of base)
3

11.2
=
(125)
3
= 466.6 cm3

6.5-EXAMPLE

extra

Find the Volume and Radius of a sphere having a Surface Area

of 462 cm2.
Step One

SA 4 r

Step Two

SA
r
4
2

SA
r
4

462
r
4

4
V r3
3

r 36.76479

4
V (6.063)3
3

r 6.063 cm

V 934 cm3

ANS: r 6.063 cm
V 934 c m3

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