Wireless Power Transmission

University of Nyala
Faculty of Engineering
Science
Dept. Electrical and
Electronics
Paper presented in the scientific confrence
supervised by the department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering.
At: April 25, 2013
Wireless Power
Transmission
Presented by
Abdalrahman Musa Hussein Mohamed

Reg. No: 07/23616/34
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Overview
What is wireless power transmission(WPT)?
Why is WPT?
History of WPT
Types of WPT
Techniques to transfer energy wirelessly
Advantages and disadvantages

Applications
Conclusion
References
April, 25, 2013
Wireless Power Transmission
What is WPT?
The transmission of energy from one
place to another without using wires

Conventional energy transfer is using
wires
But, the wireless transmission is
made possible by using various
technologies
April, 25, 2013
Why not wires?

As per studies, most electrical
energy transfer is through wires.

Most of the energy loss is during
transmission
On an average, more than 30%
In India, it exceeds 40%
April, 25, 2013
Why WPT?
Reliable
Efficient
Fast
Low maintenance cost
Can be used for short-range or
long-range.
April, 25, 2013
History
Nikola Tesla in late 1890s
Pioneer of induction techniques
His vision for World Wireless System
The 187 feet (57m) tall tower to
broadcast energy
All people can have access to free energy
Due to shortage of funds, tower did not
operate
April, 25, 2013
History (contd)
Tesla was able to transfer energy from one
coil to another coil

He managed to light 200 lamps from a
distance of 40km
The idea of Tesla is taken in to research
after 100 years by a team led by Marin
Soljai from MIT. The project is named as
WiTricity.
April, 25, 2013
Energy Coupling
The transfer of energy
Magnetic coupling
Inductive coupling
Simplest Wireless Energy coupling is a
transformer
April, 25, 2013
Types and Technologies

of WPT
Near-field techniques
Inductive Coupling
Resonant Inductive Coupling
Air Ionization
April, 25, 2013
10
1. Inductive Coupling
5/20/15
11
2. Resonant Inductive
Coupling
5/20/15
12
3. Air Ionization
5/20/15
13
Far-field techniques
Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)
LASER power transmission
5/20/15
14
Far-field energy transfer

Radiative
Needs line-of-sight
LASER or microwave
Aims at high power transfer
Teslas tower was built for
this
April, 25, 2013
15
Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)

Transfers high power from one place to
another. Two places being in line of

sight usually
Steps:
Electrical energy to microwave
energy
Capturing microwaves using rectenna
Microwave energy to electrical energy
April, 25, 2013
16
MP T (contd)
AC can not be directly converted to
microwave energy
AC is converted to DC first
DC is converted to microwaves using
magnetron
Transmitted waves are received at
rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as the
output
DC is converted back to AC
April, 25, 2013
17
MPT (cntd)
5/20/15
18
LASER transmission
LASER is highly directional, coherent
Not dispersed for very long
But, gets attenuated when it
propagates through atmosphere

Simple receiver
Photovoltaic cell
Cost-efficient
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19
Solar Power Satellites

(SPS)
April, 25, 2013
20
SPS (contd)
To provide energy to earths increasing
energy need
To efficiently make use of renewable
energy i.e., solar energy
SPS are placed in geostationary orbits
5/20/15
21
SPS (contd)
Solar energy is captured using photocells
Each SPS may have 400 million photocells
Transmitted to earth in the form of
microwaves/LASER
Using rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the
energy is converted to electrical energy
Efficiency exceeds 95% if microwave is
used.
April, 25, 2013
22
Rectenna
Stands for rectifying antenna
Consists of mesh of dipoles and diodes
Converts microwave to its DC equivalent
Usually multi-element phased array
April, 25, 2013
23
Rectenna in US
Rectenna in US receives 5000MW of power
from SPS
It is about one and a half mile long (1.5 mile)
April, 25, 2013
24
LASER vs. MPT

When LASER is used, the antenna sizes
can be much smaller

Microwaves can face interference (two
frequencies can be used for WPT are
2.45GHz and 5.4GHz)
LASER has high attenuation loss and also
it gets diffracted by atmospheric particles
easily
April, 25, 2013
25
Advantages of far-field energy

transfer
Efficient
Easy
Need for grids, substations etc are
eliminated
Low maintenance cost
More effective when the transmitting and
receiving points are along a line-of-sight
Can reach the places which are remote
April, 25, 2013
26
Disadvantages of far-field energy

transfer
Radiative
Needs line-of-sight
Initial cost is high
When LASERs are used,
conversion is inefficient
Absorption loss is high
When microwaves are used,

interference may arise
FRIED BIRD effect
April, 25, 2013
27
Applications
Near-field energy transfer
Electric automobile charging
Static and moving
Consumer electronics
Industrial purposes
Harsh environment
Far-field energy transfer

Solar Power Satellites
Energy to remote areas
Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
April, 25, 2013
28
Conclusion
Transmission without wires- a reality
Efficient
Low maintenance cost. But, high initial
cost
Better than conventional wired transfer
Energy crisis can be decreased
Low loss
In near future, world will be completely
wireless
April, 25, 2013
29
References
http://cleantechindia.wordpress.com/2008/07/16/indias-electrici
ty-transmission-and-distribution-losses/
Nikola Tesla, The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without
Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace, Electrical World and
Engineer. Jan. 7, p. 21, 1905
POINT-TO-POINT WIRELESS POWER TRANSPORTATION IN
REUNION ISLAND 48th International Astronautical Congress,
Turin, Italy, 6-10 October 1997 - IAF-97-R.4.08 J. D. Lan Sun
Luk, A. Celeste, P. Romanacce, L. Chane Kuang Sang, J. C.
Gatina - University of La Runion - Faculty of Science and
Technology.
Goodbye Wires: Approach to Wireless Power Transmission,
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459,
Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2012).
April, 25, 2013
30
References(contd)
How Micro Ovens Work A Cooking Oven for the 21st century. By
Gabriel Gache, Website: www.howstuffworks.com

Michael Shu, Wireless Power Transmission, Submitted as coursework
for PH240, Stanford University, Fall 2011, Dec 9,2011 at link:
http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph240/shu2/
Wireless Power Transmission A Next Generation Power Transmission
System, 2010 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975
8887) Volume 1 No. 13.
Future Electricity Transmission without Wires G.S. Radhakrishnan, S.
Ashwin Renganath and S. Murugappan, International Conference on
Computing and Control Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12 & 13 April,
2012
Wireless Electricity Transmission Based On Electromagnetic and
Resonance Magnetic Coupling, International Journal Of
Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue.
April, 25, 2013
31
THANK YOU!
April, 25, 2013
32

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University of Nyala

Abdalrahman Musa Hussein Mohamed

Advantages and disadvantages