2 - WCDMA Power Control

Internal
OWJ200107 WCDMA
Power Control
ISSUE 1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
www.huawei.com
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Chapter 1 Power Control Overview

Chapter 2 open loop Power Control
Chapter 3 closed loop Power Control
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Page 2
Purpose of uplink power control

Uplink transmission character
Self-interference
Capacity is limited by interference
Near-far effect
Fading
Uplink power control
Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity
Solve the near-far effect
Save UE transmission power
All rights reserved
Page 3
Purpose of downlink power control

Downlink transmission character
Interference among different subscribers since the orthogonality is

influenced by transmission environment
Interference from other adjacent cells
Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power
Fading
Downlink power control
Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power
Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity
Save NodeB transmission power
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Page 4
The Relationship between Transmitted Power and

Received Power after Power Control Methods Introduced
20
Channel
Transmitted power
15
Relative power (dB)
Received power
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
200
400
600
Time (ms)
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Page 5
800
Power Control Classification

Power control classification
open loop power control

closed loop power control
Uplink inner-loop power control
Downlink inner-loop power control
Uplink outer-loop power control
Downlink outer-loop power control
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Page 6
Power control methods adopted for various physical

channels
Power control methods adopted for various physical channels

Y" can be applied,
not applied
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Page 7

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Page 8

2.1 open loop power control overview
2.2 PRACH open loop power control
2.3 DPCCH open loop power control
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Page 9
open loop Power Control Overview

Purpose
UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation path

by measuring the downlink channel signals, then calculates the
transmission power of the uplink channel
principle
Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss of the

downlink channel
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Page 10
open loop Power Control Overview

Disadvantage
This power control method is rather rough

Application scenarios
In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually more serious

than that caused by propagation loss.
open loop power control is applied only at the beginning of connection
setup, generally in setting the initial power value.
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Page 11
Chapter 2 Open Power Control

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Page 12
open loop Power Control of PRACH

One access slot
Acq.
Ind.
AICH access
slots RX at UE
PRACH access
slots TX at UE
Preamble
p-a
Preamble
p-p
Message part
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p-m
Page 13
open loop Power Control of PRACH
The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power control:
Preamble_Initial_Power
= PCPICH DL TX power - CPICH_RSCP + UL
interference + Constant Value
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Page 14
open loop power control of PRACH

Pp-m
Power Ramp Step
Preable_Initial_
power
10ms/20ms
NO.
Parameter
Parameter meaning
Power Offset Pp-m
The power offset of the last access preamble and message control part. This
value plus the access preamble power is the power of the control part
Constant Value
This parameter is the correction constant used for the UE to estimate the
initial transmission power of PRACH according to the open loop power
PRACH Power Ramp Step
This parameter is the ramp step of the preamble power when the UE has not
received the capture indication from NodeB
Preamble Retrans Max
This parameter is the permitted maximum preamble repeat times of the UE

within a preamble ramp cycle
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Page 15
open loop power control of PRACH
Node B
Serving RNS
UE
Serving
RNC
1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request
RRC
RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
NBAP
open loop power

control of PRACH
2. Radio Link Setup Request

NBAP
Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP
NBAP
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

DCH - FP
DCH - FP
5. Downlink Synchronization
6. Uplink Synchronization
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Start TX
description
7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up
RRC
RRC
8. Radio Link Restore Indication

NBAP
NBAP
RRC
9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete
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RRC
Page 16

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Page 17
open loop power control of DL DPCCH

The DL DPDCH open loop power control can be calculated by the
following formula:
P=(Ec/Io)Req-CPICH_Ec/Io + CPICH_Power
Parameters explanation
(Ec/Io)req is the required Ec/Io, which should ensure that UE can receive
the message from the dedicated channel correctly
CPICH_Ec/Io is measured by UE, then it is sent to UTRAN by RACH
CPICH_Power is the transmission power of CPICH
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Page 18
open loop power control of DL DPCCH

Node B
Serving RNS
UE
Serving
RNC
RRC
RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
NBAP
NBAP
Start RX
description
NBAP
NBAP
open loop power

control of DPCCH
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Start TX
description
RRC
RRC

NBAP
RRC
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NBAP
RRC
Page 19
open loop power control of UL DPCCH

The UL DPCCH open loop power control can be calculated by
the following formula:
DPCCH_Initial_Power
= DPCCH_Power_Offset - CPICH_RSCP
All rights reserved
Page 20
open loop power control of UL DPCCH

Node B
Serving RNS
UE
Serving
RNC
RRC
RRC
Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
NBAP
NBAP
Start RX
description
NBAP
NBAP
open loop power

control of DPCCH
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
DCH - FP
Start TX
description
RRC
NBAP
RRC
RRC
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NBAP
RRC
Page 21

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Page 22

3.1 closed loop power control overview
3.2 Uplink inner loop power control
3.3 Downlink inner loop power control
3.4 Outer loop power control
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Page 23
closed loop power control overview

The characteristics of open loop power control
The results from open loop power control are not accurate
enough
open loop power control can only decide the initial power
The advantages of closed loop power control
Guarantee the QoS

Decrease the interference
Increase the system capacity
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Page 24
closed loop power control overview
Outer loop
Inner loop
BLERmea>BLERtarSIRtar
BLERtar
BLERmea<BLERtarSIRtar
Until
BLERmea=BLERtar
Ensure the
QoS with
minimum
power
SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRtar
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
TPC
Until
SIRmea=SIRtar
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TPC=0
TPC=1
Page 25
Power
Power

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Page 26
Uplink-inner loop power control

NodeB compares the measured SIR to the preset target SIR
TPC Decision
(0 1)
Compare SIRmeas with SIRtar

SIRmea>SIRtarTPC=0
SIRmea<SIRtar TPC=1
1500Hz
PCA1
PCA2
TPC_CMD
-1, 0, 1
Inner-loop
set SIRtar
NodeB
Transmit TPC
UE
Each UE has
its own loop
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Adjust DPCCH Tx
DPCCH=tpcTPC_cmd
Adjust DPDCH Tx
(c,d)
Page 27
Uplink inner-loop PCA1 without soft handover

UE gets one TPC in each time slot
If TPC=0, TPC_cmd= -1
If TPC=1, TPC_cmd= 1
TPC
TPC_CMD
-1
-1
-1
-1
This control is done in each time slot

Power control frequency is 1500HZ
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Page 28
Uplink inner-loop PCA1 with soft handover

CELL1
Each time slot, combine TPC from

different RLS then get Wi
CELL2
RL11
RL12
RLS1
Get TPC_cmd based on

TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)
RLS2
RLS3
CELL4
CELL3
RLS1-TPC (W1)
RLS2-TPC (W2)
RLS3-TPC (W3)
TPC_CMD
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Page 29

CELL1
Each time slot, combine TPC from

different RLS then get Wi
CELL2
RL11
RL12
RLS1
Get TPC_cmd based on

TPC_cmd = (W1, W2, WN)
RLS2
RLS3
CELL4
CELL3
RLS1-TPC (W1)
RLS2-TPC (W2)
RLS3-TPC (W3)
TPC_CMD
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Page 30
Uplink inner-loop PCA2 Without soft handover
10ms/frame
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
TPC
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
-1
TPC_CMD
Transmission power will be controlled in each 5 time slots
The frequency is 300HZ
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Page 31
Uplink inner-loop PCA2 With soft handover

Combine TPC from same
RLS in each time slot
CELL1
Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLS

If
5 TPC are all 1, TPC_tempi=1
If
5 TPC are all 0, TPC_tempi=-1
Otherwise,
CELL2
RL11
RL12
RLS1
TPC_tempi =0
RLS2
RLS3
Calculate TPC_cmd
1 N
TPC _ tempi 0.5
N i 1
1 N
TPC _ tempi 0.5
N i 1
TPC_CMD=1
CELL3
TPC_CMD=-1
Otherwise TPC_CMD=0
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Page 32
CELL4

10ms/frame
Group 1
TPC
Group 2
Group 3
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
RLS1
RLS2
RLS3
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
RLS1
-1
RLS2
-1
RLS3
TS0
TS1
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
TS6
TS7
TS8
TS9
TS10
TS11
TS12
TS13
TS14
-1
TPC_tempi
TPC_CMD
Power is controlled in each 5 time slots

The power control frequency is 300HZ
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Page 33
Comparison between PCA1 and PCA2

The control frequency
TPC1, the power control frequency is 1500Hz

TPC2, the power control frequency is 300Hz
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Page 34

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Page 35
Downlink closed loop power control

Measure and compare BLER
L3
1500Hz
10-100Hz
Outer loop
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Inner loop
NodeB
L1
Measure and compare SIR
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Page 36
Downlink Inner loop power control

L3
1500Hz
Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC in each TS
Adjust Tx power
NodeB
with 0.5, 1, 1 or 2dB
Measure SIR and compare

it with SIRtar
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Page 37
Downlink inner loop power control

How to generate TPC
When UE is not in soft handover
The TPC which is generated by UE is transmitted in TPC domain

of UL channel
When UE is in soft handover, two power control modes can be used,
which is decided by DPC_mode:

DPC_MODE 0 UE will transmit TPC in every slot
DPC_MODE 1 UE will transmit the same TPC in every three
time slot
When the downlink channel is in out of synchronization, UE will
transmit TPC 1 because UE can not measure the downlink SIR
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Page 38

How to adjust power
Downlink power adjustment:
Pk Pk 1 P TPC k P bal k
Where
P(k-1) is power of previous
PTPC(k) is the adjustment
Pbal(k) is correction value
The transmission power can not higher than Maximum_DL_Power, and not
less than Minimum_DL_Power neither.
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Page 39

How to adjust power
PTPC(k)
Without Limited Power Raise Used
TPC
PTPC (k )
TPC
if TPC est (k ) 1
if TPC est (k ) 0
Where
PTPC(k) is the adjustment value
TPCest(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or
2dB)
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Page 40

PTPC(k)
With Limited Power Raise Used
TPC
PTPC ( k )
0

TPC
Where
if TPC est (k ) 1 and sum ( k ) TPC Power_Raise_Limit

if TPC est (k ) 1 and sum ( k ) TPC Power_Raise_Limit
if TPC est ( k ) 0
sum ( k )
k 1
(i )
TPC
i k DL _ Power _ Averaging _ Window _ Size 1
PTPC(k) is the adjustment value

TPCest(k) is uplink TPC value
TPC is downlink power adjustment step(0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2dB)
Power_Raise_Limit: the limited value for Power ramping in a timer
DL_power_averaging_window_size timer for power ramping (TS)
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Page 41
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Page 42
Downlink Power Balance

Downlink power balance process
SRNC can monitor every single

NodeBs transmission. If SRNC found
the power offset in soft handover is
excessive, it will initiate the DPB
process
Initiate the
DPB process
The initiation and stop of DPB
The power offset of two RLs is greater

than the DPB initial threshold, the
DPB process is initiated
The power offset of two RLs is less
than the DPB stop threshold, the DPB
process is stopped
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NodeB
NodeB
DPB process
Page 43

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Page 44
Outer loop power control

The character of outer loop power control
The QoS which NAS provides to CN is BLER, not SIR

The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop
power control
SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding
correctly. But different multi-path radio environments request
different SIR
Therefore, the outer loop power control can adjust the SIR to get a
stable BLER in the changeable radio environment
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Page 45
Uplink outer loop power control

Measure received data and
compare BLER in the TrCH
Set BLERtar
Out loop
Inner-loop
Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
10-100Hz
RNC
UE
NodeB
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Page 46
Downlink outer loop power control

Measure and compare BLER
1500Hz
L3
Outer
loop
10-100Hz
set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Inner loop
NodeB
L1
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Page 47

SIR target adjustment
step
BLERmeas BLERt arg et
SIRtar SIRAdjustcoefficient * SIRAdjustStep *

BLERt arg et
Where
SirAdjustStep: Outer loop power control adjustment step
SirAdjustcoefficient : Coefficient for outer loop power control
BLERest: Estimated BLER
BLERtar: Target BLER
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Page 48

Uplink outer loop power control command transmit to NodeB
through DCH-FP of Iub interface
Node B
SRNC
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Page 49
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Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Chapter 1 Power Control Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Purpose of uplink power control

Capacity is limited by interference

Uplink power control

Ensure uplink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other UE, and increase capacity

Solve the near-far effect

Save UE transmission power

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Purpose of downlink power control

Interference among different subscribers since the orthogonality is

Interference from other adjacent cells

Downlink capacity is limited by NodeB transmission power

Downlink power control

Ensure Downlink quality with minimum transmission power

Decrease interference to other cells, and increase capacity

Save NodeB transmission power

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

The Relationship between Transmitted Power and

Relative power (dB)

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Power Control Classification

open loop power control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Power control methods adopted for various physical

Power control methods adopted for various physical channels

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 1 Power Control Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Chapter 2 open loop Power Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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open loop Power Control Overview

UE estimates the power loss of signals on the propagation path

Path loss of the uplink channel is related to path loss of the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

open loop Power Control Overview

This power control method is rather rough

In a cell, signal fading caused by fast fading is usually more serious

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

Chapter 2 Open Power Control

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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open loop Power Control of PRACH

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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open loop Power Control of PRACH

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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open loop power control of PRACH