Tourism Growth and

National Economies

Session 7

Objectives
1. To identify factors affecting tourisms
contribution to GDP
2. To analyse problems in measuring
tourisms contribution to GDP
3. To elaborate the effect of tourism in
economy

The National Economy

The size and value of a national economy is normally
expressed as the total value of all goods and services
produced by the economy during a specific of time.
National Income is a measurement of National
Economy. It can be defined as the net amount value of
assets used up- or capital consumption, from GDP.
GDP = C + I + X M
Net values of tourism includes
Domestic + inbound outbound expenditure

Factors affecting tourisms

contribution to GDP
The stock of resources
The state of technical knowledge
Social and politic stability
Attitudes and habits
Investment

Problems in measuring tourisms contribution to

GDP
Unpaid services
Non-accounted services
Notional cost
Public and private revenue
distribution
5. Balance of payments
anomalies
6. Social costs and benefits
7. Public goods
1.
2.
3.
4.

Methods of measurement
Four basic measurement methods:
1. Direct observation of expenditure
2. Direct observation of receipts
3. Surveys of tourists
4. Household surveys

Effects of tourism growth on a economy

Business

Government

Foreign trade

S
M

Consumers

C = consumption spending
G = government spending
Y = income
T = taxation
I = investment
S = savings
M = imports
X = exports

Growth and Source

Growth of GDP
by Industrial Origin
Indonesia

of
In

Source: BPS Strategic Data (2009)

Tourism Impact on National

Economic, 2007

Source: Neraca Satelit Pariwisata Nasional (2008)

Kunjungan Wisatawan Domestik

Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara

Memberikan dampak signifikan kepada PAD melalui Memberikan dampak kepada penerimaan devisa
pajak hotel, restoran, dan retribusi lainnya.
suatu negara melalui peredaran mata uang asing.
Secara langsung dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan visa
on arrival dan airport tax.
Memberikan dampak langsung kepada industri kecil Berpotensi untuk pengembangan industri lokal
melalui pola konsumsi wisatawan yang
dalam upaya pemasaran produk ke pasar
mengeluarkan biaya untuk kebutuhan hidupnya.
internasional dengan adanya kunjungan wisatawan
mancanegara.
Memberikan efek domino dengan terjadinya percepatan pertumbuhan pengembangan infrastruktur daerah
serta sarana pariwisata. Yang berarti turut mempercepat laju pembangunan daerah dan nasional.
Mengangkat pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dengan adanya perluasan lapangan kerja di bidang pariwisata
yang berarti meningkatkan kesempatan kerja dengan berdirinya travel agent, hotel, restoran, shuttle service,
dan industri-indutri kecil yang mendukung kegiatan pariwisata (handycraft, souvenir shop).

Forecasting the value of tourism

The variables are:

number of tourists
total expenditure or per capita expenditure
tourism market shares
tourism sector share of GDP

Economic Growth and

International Tourists Arrival

Source: World Tourism Organization; International Monetary Fund (2009)

Summary
Tourism industry has for some time been recognised as
an area of activities which contribute to the balance of
payment of a country.
In Indonesia, the existence of tourism industry in the GNP
is hidden since the industry can be categorised into
various other related sectors.

Review and
Discussion
WTTC has made Economic impact research for Indonesia
2009 regarding GDP and Tourism Contribution. Pretending
you are an enterpreneur in tourism industry (choose one:
tour operator, hotelier, restauranteur, event organiser,
water park owner, island manager, and exhibition
organiser).
Do those researches affect decision making process in
your corporation? Elaborate.
The report can be downloaded
http://www.wttc.org/bin/pdf/original_pdf_file/indonesia.pdf