Cytokines 2

www.youtube.
com/user/DrRabiulHaque
Dr. Rabiul Haque

Lecturer,
Department of Pathology,
Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka
www.youtube.com/user/DrRabiulHaque
Topics Overview:
Definition Of Cytokines
Cells Involved In Production of Cytokines
Sites Of Action
Cytokines Involved In Inflammation
Functions of Various Cytokines
Roles of Cytokines In Immune Responses
Therapeutic Applications Of Cytokines
What Are Cytokines ?

Cyto from Greek "" (kyttaro) =
Cell"

Cell
Kines from Greek "" (kinisi)
=Movement

Cell
=Movement
In reality Cytokines are Messenger Molecules
of the Immune System.

Cyto from Greek "" (kyttaro) = Cell
=Movement
In reality Cytokines are Messenger Molecules of
the Immune System.
Cytokines mediate cellular interactions among
lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, other
inflammatory cells (e.g. neutrophils), endothelial
cells and connective tissue cells.
Definition
Definition
Cytokines are proteins produced by
many cell types that modulate the

functions of other cell types.
Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 8th
Edition
Definition
Cytokines are proteins produced by many cell
types that modulate the functions of other cell

types.
Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 8 th Edition
types that mediate and regulate immune and

inflammatory reactions.

Stay calm and look at the

Teddy !
Definition

types.


Cells Involved In Cytokine

Production

Production
Activated Lymphocytes

Production
Macrophages

Production
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells

Production
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Endothelial Cells

Production
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Endothelial Cells
Epithelial Cells

Production
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Endothelial Cells
Epithelial Cells
Connective Tissue Cells
Definition

types.



Production

Production
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
Endothelial Cells
Epithelial Cells
Connective Tissue Cells
Site Of Action
Site Of Action
Majority of the cytokines act on the cells that
produce them (autocrine actions)

neighboring cells (paracrine actions).
or
on
Site Of Action
Majority of the cytokines act on the cells that
produce them (autocrine actions) or on

neighboring cells (paracrine actions).
Rarely they act on distant sites (endocrine
actions).
Cytokines Involved In
Inflammation
Inflammation
In Acute Inflammation
Inflammation
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Inflammation
Interleukin 1 (IL-1)
Inflammation
Inflammation
Inflammation
Chemokines
Inflammation
In Chronic Inflammation
Inflammation
Inflammation
Inflammation
Interferon (IFN- )
Tumor Necrosis Factor

(TNF)

Produced By:
(TNF)

Produced By:
(TNF)
Macrophages

Produced By:
(TNF)
Macrophages
Mast Cells

Produced By:
(TNF)
Macrophages
Mast Cells
T Lymphocytes
Interleukin 1 ( IL-1)
Produced By:
Produced By:
Macrophages
Produced By:
Macrophages
Endothelial Cells
Produced By:
Macrophages
Endothelial Cells
Epithelial Cells
Endothelial
Activation
Leukocyte Adhesion During Inflammation
Endothelial
Activation
Pyrogens
Pyrogens
Endogenous
Pyrogens
Endogenous
Exogenous
Pyrogens
Endogenous : IL-1, TNF
Exogenous
Pyrogens
Endogenous : IL-1, TNF
Exogenous : Bacterial Products ( LPS )
Mechanism of Fever By IL-1

& TNF

& TNF
Infection

& TNF
Infection
Exogenous
Pyrogens

& TNF
Infection
Exogenous
Pyrogens
Endogenous Pyrogens : IL-1, TNF

& TNF
Infection
Exogenous
Pyrogens
Increase Enzymes of Cyclooxygenase
Pathway of
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

& TNF
Infection
Exogenous
Pyrogens
Increase Enzymes of Cyclooxygenase
Pathway of
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism
In Hypothalamus, Increased PG E2 will stimulate neurotransmitter
production
And reset the
temperature set point at an elevated level
C Reactive Protein
Fibrinogen
Serum Amyloid A
Left Shift
Other Cytokines Involved In Acute

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-6
Macrophages
Acute Phase
Response
IL-17
T Lymphocytes
Neutrophils and
Monocytes
recruitment.
Chemokines
Macrophages,
T lymphocytes,
Endothelial cells,
Mast cells,
Other cell types
Chemoattractants for
Lymphocytes,
Helps in migration of
cells in normal
tissues.

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-6
Macrophages
Acute Phase
Response
IL-17
T Lymphocytes
Neutrophils and
Monocytes
recruitment.
Chemokines
Macrophages,
T lymphocytes,
Endothelial cells,
Mast cells,
Other cell types
Lymphocytes,
cells in normal
tissues.

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-6
Macrophages
Acute Phase
Response
IL-17
T Lymphocytes
Neutrophils and
Monocytes
recruitment.
Chemokines
Macrophages,
T lymphocytes,
Endothelial cells,
Mast cells,
Other cell types
Lymphocytes,
cells in normal
tissues.

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-6
Macrophages
Acute Phase
Response
IL-17
T Lymphocytes
Neutrophils and
Monocytes
recruitment.
Chemokines
Macrophages,
T lymphocytes,
Endothelial cells,
Mast cells,
Other cell types
Lymphocytes,
cells in normal
tissues.
Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
IL-12
Il-17
IFN-
Functions

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
IL-12
Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Il-17
IFN-
Functions

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-12
Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Increases
IFN- Production
Il-17
IFN-

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-12
Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Increases
IFN- Production
Il-17
IFN-
Activates
Macrophages

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-12
Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Increases
IFN- Production
T Lymphocytes, NK
Cells
Activates
Macrophages
Il-17
IFN-

Inflammation
Cytokines
Major Sources
Functions
IL-12
Macrophages,
Dendritic Cells
Increases
IFN- Production
Il-17
T lymphocytes
Neutrophils and
Monocytes
recruitment.
IFN-
T Lymphocytes, NK
Cells
Activates
Macrophages
Roles of Cytokines In Immune

Responses

Responses
In Innate Immune Responses

Responses
TNF

Responses
TNF
IL-1

Responses
TNF
IL-1
IL-12

Responses
TNF
IL-1
IL-12
IFN

Responses
In Adaptive Immune Responses

Responses
In Adaptive Immune Responses
IL-2
IL-4
IL-5
IL-17
IFN -
Some Cytokines Increase

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis
Colony Stimulating Factors :

Hematopoiesis
Colony Stimulating Factors : e.g. GM-CSF, IL-7
Therapeutic Applications
Inhibiting some cytokines can prevent harmful
effects of inflammation and immune reactions.

Administration of cytokines can boost
hematopoiesis and defense against some
microbes.

Administration of cytokines can boost
hematopoiesis and defense against some
microbes.
Cytokines can mobilize and recruit stem cells
from bone marrow to blood and help in their
collection prior to stem cell transplantation.
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Dr. Rabiul Haque

What Are Cytokines ?

What Are Cytokines ?

What Are Cytokines ?

What Are Cytokines ?

What Are Cytokines ?

many cell types that modulate the

types that modulate the functions of other cell

Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 8 th Edition

Cytokines are proteins produced by many cell

types that mediate and regulate immune and

Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 9 th Edition

Stay calm and look at the

types that modulate the functions of other cell

Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 8 th Edition

Cytokines are proteins produced by many cell

types that mediate and regulate immune and

Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 9 th Edition

Cells Involved In Cytokine

Cells Involved In Cytokine

Cells Involved In Cytokine

Cells Involved In Cytokine

Cells Involved In Cytokine

Cells Involved In Cytokine

Cells Involved In Cytokine

types that modulate the functions of other cell

Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 8 th Edition

Cytokines are proteins produced by many cell

types that mediate and regulate immune and

Ref. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis Of Disease 9 th Edition

Cells Involved In Cytokine

Cells Involved In Cytokine

produce them (autocrine actions)

produce them (autocrine actions) or on

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Leukocyte Adhesion During Inflammation

Mechanism of Fever By IL-1

Mechanism of Fever By IL-1

Mechanism of Fever By IL-1

Mechanism of Fever By IL-1

Mechanism of Fever By IL-1

Mechanism of Fever By IL-1

Other Cytokines Involved In Acute

Other Cytokines Involved In Acute

Other Cytokines Involved In Acute

Other Cytokines Involved In Acute

Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Cytokines Involved In Chronic

Roles of Cytokines In Immune

Roles of Cytokines In Immune

Roles of Cytokines In Immune

Roles of Cytokines In Immune