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Development Section
Summary
Principle
of
call
drop
rate
calculation
The cause analysis of call drop
Typical call drop cases
key points:
Master
statistic points.
Master
statistic points.
Overview
There are two types of call drops: TCH call drop and SDCCH call
drop:
e When the MSG_ABIS_HO_DETECT message is received during intraBSC handover, and the handover type is non-SDCCH handover;
Analysis of Call Flow Chart and TCH call drop Statistic Points
(III)
BTS
MS
Ass_Req
Ch_Act
Ch_Act_Ack
Ass_Cmd
Ass_Cmp
Ass_Cmd
Est_Ind
Ass_cmp
Ass_Cmp
MSC
Analysis of Call Flow Chart and TCH call drop Statistic Points
(IV)
Analysis of Call Flow Chart and TCH call drop Statistic Points
(V)
Inter-BTSC
handover flow
Analysis of Call Flow Chart and TCH call drop Statistic Points
(VI)
Master
rate
T3103
T3109
Time counting from sending up CHAN REL to receive REL IND end or overtime
Handover
Analyze the causes of the fault of radio links. The causes can be:
Interference
Internal interference, external interference and the equipment
interference
Poor coverage
blind area,isolated island, uplink/downlink imbalance
parameter setting not proper
radio link timeout counter, SACCH multiframe number,
handover,power control etc.
Equipment problem (Antenna---Feeder---CDU---TRX)
Clock problem
Transmission problem
Interference
Co-channel interference
Adjacent-channel interference
Intermodulation interference and other external
interferences
Process of judgment
1. Analyze the occurring laws of interference band in the
traffic measurement.
2. Observe the receiving level performance
3. Find the poor quality handover ratio
4. Observe receiving quality performance
5. Observe call drop performance
6. The handover fails, calling re-establishment
also fail too many times.
Process of judgment
Solution
Add BTS
Analyze and Locate TCH call drop Problem (Radio Parameter Setting)
Solution:
Add adjacent cells as necessary
Adjust improper handover parameters
Parameter name
Value
before Value
change
after
change
PBGT HO threshold
72
68
70
60
10
15
Parameter name
UL Qual. Or RX_LEV
Power
control
compensation
PC interval
Value before
Value after
change
change
50
80
10
Process of judgment
If a cell always suffers from high call drop rate and congestion rate, some
equipment in this cell may be faulty.
Fault Description
The BTS distribution of an area is as illustrated in the diagram (red
numbers stand for BCCH frequency. No hopping, DTX). Some users
complained that call drop in cell 2 of base station C is serious.
(hardware fault is ruled out).
Step 1: please
confirm whether
the frequency
distribution in the
BTS cells are
correct?
Case Analysis
Here is the conclusion from the analysis of BTS topology: the frequency are well
planned.
Next step: View the interference band of traffic measurement:
09:00~10:00
IB1
cell 1:
2.85
cell 2:
4.09
cell 3:
03:00~04:00 IB 1
cell 1:
2.85
cell 2:
4.09
cell 3:
IB2
IB3
14.25
1.14
12.57
4.28
0.01
0.25
0.37
IB3
IB4
IB5
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.12 0.00
0.54
0.03
13.27
IB2
IB5
0.27
3.14
2.92
2.89
IB4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Case Analysis
Actual drive tests: It is found that the quality is lower when the receiving level is
high.
Observe traffic measurement: It is found that when the call drop rate is high, the
handover is mostly caused by quality problems and channel allocation
failure ratio is also high.
Here is the conclusion from the analysis of comprehensive traffic measurement
and route test result: there is interference.
Case Analysis
A site investigation shows that the operator has a repeater . It is
a broadband repeater . It transmits the signals from a remote
TACS site through optical fiber to the local end for amplification
and sends it. In this way, digital signals are amplified and then
interference occurs, interfering cell 2 of base station C.
Troubleshooting Procedure
Finally, lower the power of the repeater and it works. The
interference band is lowered immediately from IB2, IB3 to IB1.
Now the high call drop rate problem at site C is solved.
Summary
Discussion
Case Analysis
Since assignment failure is accompanied with high call drop rate and
incoming handover failure rate, basically the causes may be as
follows:
A problem occurs when TCH channel is assigned
The band or timeslot occupied by this communication is
not stable or affected by interference
Since SDCCH call drop rate is normal, it is unlikely that the
interference comes from the carrier of BCCH band and the BCCH
band. Accordingly, the carrier of non-BCCH band and hopping band
may attribute to the interference.
Case Analysis
Find the problem:
1. Check the equipment hardware, antenna & feeder and the
transmission stability. No problem is found.
2. In the drive test, it is found that high level and low quality
problem is very serious.
3. Make a site calling test to find that the communication quality is
poor.
4. In checking the parameter, it is found that the MAIO of the new
carrier is the same as that of another carrier.
Case Analysis
Troubleshooting:
Set a new value for the MAIO of the new carrier. The related
indexes such as call drop rate are normal.
III
Fault description
In a drive test, it is found that an MS occupies a cell but can not
call out. Communication is unidirectional. call drop occurs
frequently at a specific distance from the cell and after frequently
handover.
Analysis
It may be caused by ?
Case Analysis
The drive test phenomena as mentioned above is usually caused
by:
Uplink/downlink imbalance
It is possible that the power is unbalanced because uplink signal
is much lower than the downlink signal.
Make a driving test
During the test, move the MS to the cell boundary. At the same
time, trace and capture data at the BTS side with an MA10
signaling analyzer. (see the figure below).
Case Analysis
Capture data with MA10:
Case Analysis
Judge, check and clear the problem of unlink/downlink
imbalance
Summary
call drop due to unbalanced uplink/downlink
1. If the cell coverage is too
Large, reduce the BTS transmit power or increase MS access threshold
And handover threshold of the cell.
2. Adjust
Higher the uplink compensation factor and shorten the stable signal
Filter.
Case Analysis
Fault analysis and clearing
1. The congestion rate remains high even if the RC channel of the cell is
blocked in rotation.
2. Check and analyze the traffic measurement task data, interference band
and traffic and call drop rate. They are all regular.
3. Change band. Change the band of CELL3 to 1M away from the previous
band. But the problem persists.
4. Judge whether The equipment itself is faulty.
5. Locate external interference.
Case Analysis
5. Make a scanning test with a spectrum analyzer.
A suspect signal with 904.14 center frequency, 300K spectrum
bandwidth is found. It is similar to an analog spectrum and it exists
continuously.
At the distributor output port of CELL3, the signal intensity is
27dBm. CELL2 is 40dBm, CELL3 is 60dBm. It accord with the
degree of interference.
Traffic is higher in the day time than that at night.
Now the problem is found: 904M external interference source.
Case Analysis
Perform a drive test with a spectrum analyzer to locate the problem.
Perform all tests on top of buildings.
Acknowledge interference signal by interrupting test.
Case Analysis
Case Analysis
Step
Analyze
Case Analysis
Solution
Modify the data in BA1 (BCCH) table, BA2 (SCCH) table and cell
adjacency relation table in BSC data configuration.
Set cell 3 of BTS-A as an adjacent cell of cell 2 of BTS-B.
Optimize the network parameter to eliminate the island effect.
The test results show that the call drop problem is solved.
Summary
Commentary
Two methods to solve island problem:
Adjust the antenna of the isolated cell, to eliminate the island problem.
Define new adjacent cells for the isolated cell.
Case Analysis
The tunnel is near the BTS. When the MS enters the tunnel, the
power of the destination cell is satisfactory, 80dbm. But the signal
of source cell goes down quickly to less than 100dbm. Before the
MS enters the tunnel, the downlink power of the two cells is good
and no handover is triggered. When the MS enters the tunnel, the
level of the source cell goes down rapidly. The call drop occurs
before the time statistics are received.
Case Analysis
Modify related parameter table as follows:
Parameter name
PBGT watch time
hand PBGT valid time
over PBGT threshold
Value
before Value
change
change
72
68
after
Case Analysis
Modify related parameter table as follows:
Parameter name
Value
Hand
over
change
UL
qual.
threshold
before Value
change
of 70
60
15
emergency handover
after
Summary
seconds, call drop is found in 900M, and at a high call drop rate.