FSK MODULATOR

Mahin Khushbakht atiq (08-TE-03)

Tayaba Irum (08-TE-06)
Javeria Yasmin (08-TE-15)
Qurrat-ul-ain (08-TE-21)
Samreen Kousar (08-TE-50)
Kinza Ahmed (08-TE-56)

Outline:
Digital Modulation
Frequency shift keying
FSK Modulator
FSK modulator specifications
Design configuration
Simulink Implementation

Digital modulation:
Digital modulation can then be defined as
the process whereby the amplitude,
frequency, phase or a combination of them
is varied in accordance with the information
to be transmitted.
digital data (0 and 1) is translated into an
analog signal --- the baseband signal.

Digital modulation is used before analog

modulation to convert the digital data into
analog baseband signal.

Why digital modulation?

The move to digital modulation provides:

more information capacity

compatibility with digital data services
higher data security
better quality communications
quicker system availability.

Developers of communications systems

face these constraints:
available bandwidth
permissible power
inherent noise level of the system

Cont.

The RF spectrum must be shared, yet every

day there are more users for that spectrum
as demand for communications services
increases. Digital modulation schemes have
greater capacity to convey large amounts of
information than analog modulation
schemes.

The basic sine signal:

We can vary each of these parameters or a

combination of these parameters to
represent our information signal.

Types of digital
modulation:

A scheme that uses:

amplitude is called
ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying)

frequency is called
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)

phase is called
PSK (Phase Shift Keying)

Frequency shift keying:

FSK

Frequency-shift
keying
(FSK)is
afrequency modulation scheme in which
digital information is transmitted through
discrete frequency changes of acarrier
wave.
The
simplest
FSK
isbinaryFSK(BFSK).

BFSK signal:

FSK modulator specs

Data rate 4800, 9600, 14400 BPS
Carrier frequency f0 = 2.4 GHz, f1 = 2.5
GHz
Input signaling RS 232C serial
communication.
Modulation method - FSK

FSK Modulator
Design

The relation of FSK signal and data signal

is shown in figure .

When the data signal is 5 V, after the signal

pass through the buffer, the switch S1 will
ON, then the frequency of FSK signal is f1.

When the data signal is 0 V, after the

signal pass through the buffer, the switch
S2 will ON, the frequency of FSK signal is
f2.

Normally,
the
difference
between
frequencies f1 and f2 has to be as large as
possible. This is because the correlation of
both signals is low, therefore, the effect of
transmitting and receiving will be better.
However, the required bandwidth must be
increased. Figure is the signal waveforms
of FSK modulation.

Structure diagram of
FSK modulator.

POWER
SUPPLY
(+5V)
RS 232 C interface

DIGIT
AL
DATA

FSK
sign
al

PARTS SPECIFICATIONS:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

VCO (SBVD-10D)
RS232 C INTERFACE (MAX3232)
ATTENUATOR
CLIPPER (1N4148)
CONNECTOR (9PIN DSUB, SMA (F, RANGLE))

RS232C INTERFACE

We are using MAX3232 for RS232 to TTL

voltage level conversion. The TTL level is a
logic 1for any voltage above about 1.5 volts
and a logic 0 for any voltage below about
1.5 volts.

clipper

Aclipperis a device designed to prevent the output

of a circuit from exceeding a predetermined voltage
level without distorting the remaining part of the
applied waveform.
A clipping circuit consists of linear elements
likeresistors and non-linear elements likejunction
diodesortransistors, but it does not contain energystorage elements likecapacitors. Clipping circuits are
used to select for purposes of transmission, that part
of a signal wave form which lies above or below a
certain reference voltage level.
Used to create a voltage level at which the VCO
operates.

Two shunt diode clipper circuits

voltage-controlled oscillator

Avoltage-controlled
oscillatororVCOis
anelectronic
oscillatordesigned
to
be
controlled
inoscillationfrequencyby avoltageinput.
The frequency of oscillation is varied by
the
applied
DC
voltage,
whilemodulatingsignals may also be fed
into the VCO to cause Frequency shift
keying.

ATTENUATOR

Anattenuatoris anelectronic devicethat

reduces
theamplitudeorpowerof
asignalwithout
appreciablydistortingitswaveform. Filters
are used as attenuator allowing the
required
frequencies
to
pass
and
prohibiting others.

SIMULINK
MODEL

Description

1.
2.
3.

If we divide the whole model into different

small modules than it consists of:
Binary generator
FSK modulator
Channel

Model:

FSK modulator

Scope 2

Scope 1

Channel

Final output of the system:

Applications:

FSK modulators are used practically in telecom

applications to transmit the information signals
to longer distances using frequency in Giga hertz
ranges but the noise addition is the main
constraint in this process.
Point to point military communication
Most early telephone-linemodemsused audio
frequency-shift keying to send and receive data,
up to rates of about 1200 bits per second.
FSK is also used in the Emergency Alert
Systemto transmit warning information.

Summary

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

We have discussed so for the overall system

of FSK modulator with
Basic FSK modulator theory
Design specification
Design configuration
Simulink Model Design
Application

THAN
K YOU