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PROJECT GUIDE:

Dr. Trinath Kar


Asst. Prof. (Mech. Dept)
ITER(SOA UNIVERSITY)

PRESENTED BY :Himanshu
Mohanta
Mohit Ku.
Mandal
Sumanath Sahu
Runa Das

Generation of Noise in IC Engine


Combustion takes place in a spontaneous, discrete & localized

manner within the cylinder of IC engine.


The reaction being highly exothermic produces a lot of energy .
A major part of this energy contributes to the high pressure

within the cylinder resulting in the formation of high energy


shock wave.
As this shock wave travels in the form of wave front, it

gradually loses energy density due to expansion & ultimately


resulting in audible noise.

Noise Flow Path

Sound Waves:-

A wave is a disturbance that propagates through space and time, accompanied by

transference of energy .
Sound is a longitudinal wave whose amplitude is the difference between the

pressure of the undisturbed air and the maximum pressure caused by the wave.

Acoustic Pressure:

Acoustic pressure (p) is the local pressure deviation from the ambient (or
equilibrium) pressure caused by a sound wave.

Particle Velocity:

Particle velocity (u) is the velocity of a particle in a medium as it transmits wave.


Where the particle moves back and forth and is in the direction the sound wave.

MATHEMATICAL
MODEL

The propagation of sound wave in single

domain can be mathematically represented


using the following differential equations :

Continuity Equation
o u / z = / t

----- (1)

Equation of Dynamic Equilibrium


p / z = o u / t

------ (2)

From (1) & (2) , we get,

Helmholtz Equation
2p / z2 = (1/a0)2 (2p / t2)

For wave propagation in multiple


domain
Helmholtz equation can be found out as long as the domain is non-

interactive.
For interactive domains, we can not form stand alone wave equations.
All practical applications have multiple wave domains. i.e., Automobile

exhaust systems.
Thus, we need different way to solve them.

ANALYSIS
Peano-Baker Series: Peano-Baker is basically an integral method.
In this method the whole domain is assumed as a single part.
(n steps)

An asymptotic solution is derived using the Peano-Baker series of


matrix calculus for different variable area ducts .

ANALYSIS
Matrizant method: Matrix analysis is based on Eigen-value decomposition.
Eigen-value decomposition is the representation of the matrix in

terms of its Eigen-values & Eigen vectors.


{v '} = []{v}
or,

{v} = e [] dz

or,

{v} = e []
[] = [] [] []-1
e[] = [] [e] []-1

COMPARISO
N
Peano-Baker

Matrizant

Series

1.Based on cumulative integral

1.Based on Eigen-value

calculus.

decomposition .

2.Entire domain is assumed as a single

2.Entire domain is discretised into a no.

segment.

of segments .

3.Multiple integrations are involved .

3.Single integration can solve the

4.Convergence is slow as every time

problem.

the solution starts from identity

4.Convergence is fast .

matrix .

Hence, considering the various advantages we prefer to use Matrizant


method .

DISCRETISED BASIC ACOUSTIC ELEMENTS


(DBAE)

1,3,5,7,9 : Tube
2: Sudden Expansion
4,8 : Sudden Contraction
6
: Extended Inlet

Types of Resonators used in Exhaust System


Tube
Variable area Tubes
Extended Area Change
Conc. Tube Resonator

Cross Flow CTR


Variable area CTR
Reversal Area Change
Reversal Chamber

APPLICATION
Exhaust

Pipe of RTR-160 :-

APPLICATION
Exhaust

Pipe of Honda Bebek :-

Results :-

Results :-

References : Sullivan, J. W. and Crocker, M. J. Analysis of concentric tube resonators having

unpartitioned cavities,
J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 64 (1),207-215, (1978).
Kar, T. and Munjal, M. L. Generalized analysis of a muffler with any number of
interacting ducts,
J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 285 (3),585-596, (2005).
Dokumaci, E. Sound transmission in mufflers with multiple perforated coaxial pipes,
J. Sound Vib., 247 (3), 379-387, (2001).
Alfredson, R. J. The propagation of sound in a circular duct of continuously varying
cross-sectional area,
J. Sound Vib., 23 (4), 433-442, (1972).
Miles, J. H. Acoustic transmission matrix of a variable area duct or nozzle carrying a
compressible
subsonic flow, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,69 (6), 1577-1586, (1981).
Dokumaci, E. On the transmission of sound in a non-uniform duct carrying a subsonic
compressible flow, J. Sound Vib., 210 (3),391-401, (1998).
Frazer, R. A., Duncan, W. J., and Collar, A. R. Elementary Matrices and Some
Applications to Dynamics and Differential Equations, Cambridge University Press,
(1952).
Dokumaci, E. An exact transfer matrix formulation of plane sound wave transmission
in inhomogeneous ducts, J. Sound Vib., 217 (5),879-882, (1998).
Melling, T. H. The acoustic impedance of perforates at medium and high sound level,
J. Sound Vib., 29 (1), 1-65, (1973).1195, (1986).

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