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INTRODUCTION
Torsional moments cause twisting and
warping of the cross sections.
When torsional rigidity (GJ) is very large
compared with its warping rigidity (E ), the
section would effectively be in uniform torsion
and warping moment would be unlikely to be
significant.
The warping moment is developed only if
warping deformation is restrained.
Tq z
GJ
E S wm s
w
t
Swms = Warping statical moment
The warping normal stress ( w) due to bending
moment
in-plane of flanges (bi-moment) is given by
w = E .Wnwfs . ''
where
W
Teaching Resource
in Design of Steel
Structures
= Normalised
warping
function
nwfs
IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG
Buckling Check
whenever lateral torsional buckling governs the
design (i.e. when pb is less than fy) the values of w
and byt will be amplified.
byt w
Mx
Mx
1 0.5
1
Mb
fy / m
Mb
ME M p
2
B B M E M p
Buckling Check
My
byt w
Mx
Mx
1 0.5
1
Mb
fy Zy / m
fy / m
Mb
where
M y my M y
byt M y / Z y
Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures
IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG
11
vt t w
Mx
1 0.5
M
b
Mb
ME M p
2
B B M E M p
Mp
M p LT 1 M E
2
fy . Z p / m
susceptibility to
LT
E
LT
fy
2
where,
LT
Mp
ME
300
pb
200
N/mm2
100
0
Beam buckling
50
100
150
LT
200
250
Plastic
yield
1.0
0.8
M / Mp
ME / MP
0.4
0
sto
cky
interm
ediate
0.4
0.8
slender
1.2
LT
MP
ME
LT
uv
ry
(1-)
For
0 z
sinh
a cosh sinh z
a
a
tanh
Tq .a
z
1
GJ
a
Tq
1
GJ
sinh
z
a
cosh
cosh
a
a
tanh
For
0 z
sinh
Tq
a cosh sinh z
GJa
a
a
tanh
Tq
G J a2
sinh
a cosh cosh z
a
a
tanh
CONCLUSION
A simple method of evaluating torsional effects
and to verify the adequacy of a chosen cross
section when subjected to torsional moments has
been discussed.
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