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INTRODUCTION
The FMI is the latest generation electrical imaging device and belongs to the
family of imaging services provided by most of the service companies.
FMI uses scanning electrodes arranged in 24 electrode per pad/flap arrays (of
four pads and four flaps) are used to provide a high spatial sampling of
formation micro-resistivity in both the vertical and azimuthal directions on
the borehole surface.
HISTORY
In the early stages this tool only measured closely spaced arrays of focused
shallow resistivity readings that are related to changes in rock composition
and texture, structure, and fluid content.
Image logs are resistivity or acoustic devices that measure certain physical
properties of the rock at or near the well that can be displayed as images of
the wellbore, which can then be interpreted on a computer.
Image logs can provide detailed picture of the wellbore that represent the
geological and petro-physical properties of the section being logged.
TOOL SPECIFICATION
A 16 Khz voltage is applied across each button with a return to the cartridge
and the current at the button is measured at the same frequency.
Electrodes: There are in total 192 electrodes distributed on four pads and
four flaps.
The tool has a very large dynamic range - from less than 0.1ohm-m to more
than 10,000ohm-m.
The maximum logging speed is 1600 ft/hr (500m/hr), but outside zones of
interest, it can be run at 3200 ft/hr (1000 m/hr).
WORKING
The spacing and position of the pads provides 80% coverage of an eight-inch
diameter hole and a resolution of 5 mm.
The resistivity of the interval between the button-electrode array and the
return electrode gives rise to a low-resolution capability in the form of a
background signal.
FMI TOOL
4 Arms - 8 Pads
192 Electrodes
INTERPRETATION
Structural:
Fault,unconformities,sequence
boundary
Stratigraphic:
Depositional environment, orientation
Reservoir:
Thin beds, Permeability trends, Fractures/Vugs,
Borehole geometry
ADVANTAGES
Geological information from FMI borehole images helps with stochastic modeling
of the sand-shale distribution. FMI images define channel heights superbly in
amalgamated units. Other variables, such as the channel width and channel
sinuosity, can be estimated using geological analogs, based on detailed
sedimentological analysis of FMI image data.
BENEFITS
Save time and money with complete interpretations in one image pass
APPLICATIONS
Structural geology
Structural dips, even in fractured and conglomeratic formations
Detection and determination of faults
Sedimentary features
Determination of sedimentary dips
Definition and characterization of sedimentary bodies and their boundaries
Recognition of permeability barriers, and permeability paths
Recognition and evaluation of thinly bedded reservoirs
Rock texture
Qualitative vertical grain-size profile
Determination of carbonate texture
Detection and evaluation of secondary porosity
Detection and evaluation of fracture systems
Geo-mechanics
Identification and analysis of drilling-induced features
Mud weight selection
DISADVANTAGE
CONCLUSION
They are especially useful for net-sand definition in thinly laminated fluvial
and turbidite depositional environments.
REFERENCE
Petrowiki
Wikipedia
AAPG Wiki
http://
www.slb.com/resources/publications/industry_articles/oilfield_review/1990
/or1990jan05_microscanner.aspx
http://petphy.blogspot.in/2011/12/formation-micro-imager-logs-fmi.html
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