Testing of Non Woven fabrics

Project Head :
Dr. S.K. Sinha

Project Members :
Gaurav Chandel
11110026
Jatan Kumar
11110037
Nahar Singh
11110055

NON WOVEN
Non-woven fabrics may be considered as either the oldest or newest of fabric
constructions depending upon ones viewpoint. The methods and materials of
manufacturer crude yet effective when compared with todays scientific methods.
Within the past generation the development and manufacture of bonded nonwoven fabrics based upon vegetable, synthetic and animal fibers have focused
attention upon markets and potential for restoring these fabrics to their former
prominence.
According to ASTM 1989 We can say that non woven is direct conversion of
fibre to fabric.

Objective
1. To Study Tensile Testing Of Non-Woven Fabric
. Dry State
Bring samples to moisture equilibrium in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles
as directed in Practice D1776. Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when
the increase in mass of the specimen in successive weighings made at intervals of not
less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of the mass of the specimen.
. Wet State

Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall be immersed in water at room

temperature until thoroughly wetted. To thoroughly wet a specimen, it may be
necessary to add not more than 0.05 % of a nonionic wetting agent to the
water. A test of any specimen shall be completed within 2 min after its removal
from the water.

 Machine Direction
Cross Direction

ASTM

STANDARD FOR NON WOVEN FABRIC D5035

Operating Speed of machine 300 10 (mm/min)

12 0.5 (inch/min)
Sample Size 25mm, 100mm
Time to break 203 sec
Gage Length 75 1 mm (3 0.005 inch)
Select the force range of the testing machine for the break to occur between 10 and
90% of full scale force
Mount the paper-carbon sandwich in the clamps with the normal pressure
Remove the paper-carbon sandwich and examine the jaw face imprint for uniformly of
carbon deposition on the tissue paper.

2. To Study Air Permeability Testing of Non Woven ASTM Standards D737

Air permeability is usually measured in cubic centimeters per minute or cubic feet per
minute. The standard method for conducting an air permeability test is ASTM D737
which is a standard published by ASTM International.
Procedure
1. When cutting specimens, avoid wrinkles, folds or creases.
2. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc. on the specimens when handling.
3. For the purposes of the lab, each student will test one sample. For scientific testing, 10
samples are used.
4. Use the medium cutting dia (sized 4.5 inches/114 cm)
5. Use specimens representing a broad distribution across length and width, preferably
along the diagonal of the fabric.

3. To Study

the Stiffness Testing of Non Woven Fabrics ASTM Standard D5732

(Cantilever Tester)

Specimen Size and Direction of TestCut test specimens 25 by 200 mm1 mm

(1 by 8 in. 0.002 in.). Take the specimens for the measurement of the machine
direction from different positions across the fabric width with the longer dimension
parallel to the machine direction.
Bending Rigidity
Calculate the bending length for each principal direction using Eq 1:
c=O/2 (1)
where:
c = bending length, mm, and
O = overhang length, mm.

 Flexural

Rigidity
Flexural rigidity is defined as the force couple required to bend a non-rigid
structure to a unit curvature or it can be defined as the resistance offered by a
structure while undergoing bending.
Calculate the flexural rigidity for each principal direction to three significant
digits, using Eq 2:
G = 9.809 x (2)
where:
G = flexural rigidity, Nm,
and M= fabric mass per unit area, g/m2.
Calculate the mass per unit area by dividing the weight in grams by 5000
mm2(area of the specimen) and multiplying the result by 106, for each principal
direction.

Material used : Blend of

cotton/polyester (50:50)
cotton/polyester (60:40)
cotton/polyester (65:35)
cotton/polyester (70:30)

References
1. Structure and Properties of Spunlace Nonwoven Fabrics, Author Samuel Hatcher
Herring, Published by North Carolina State University, 1977
2. Composite Nonwoven Materials, by Dipayan Das, Behnam Pourdeyhimi, Published by
Woodhead, 2014
3. Non Woven Fabric by Wilhelm Albrecht, Hilmar Fuchs, Walter Kittelmann, Published
by Wiley-VCH, 2009
4. Lunenschloss J. and Albrecht W., Non-Woven bonded Fabrics, David Sharp, Newyork,
Halstead Press, 1985
5. Gammelgard E., Fibres for hydroentanglement bonding, Non-Woven World, Ottawa,
Canada, 2002
6. Wood D.E., Apparatus for manufacturing non-woven textile articles, US Patent
355187, October, 2011.
7. E. Vidal-Salle, E. Maire, P. Boisse The role of structure on mechanical properties of
non woven fabrics International Nonwovens Journal, 10 (2001).
8. Russell 2007 S. Russell, Handbook of Nonwovens, The Textile Institute, Woodhead