STRENGTH OF MATERIAL

JJ 310
CHAPTER 4 (a)
BENDING STRESS
1

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lecture, student should be

able to;
Understand the bending stress
Name the symbols in the general bending

formula
Understand the standard section table
Understand the centroid
Calculate the second moment of area(inertia), I
2

What is bending stress?

Bending stress is the normal stress that is

induced at a point in a body subjected to

loads that cause it to bend.
When a load is applied perpendicular to the
length of a beam (with two supports on each
end), bending moments are induced in the
beam.

Assumptions in bending
theory
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

The material is homogeneous/isotropic and obeys Hookes

Law. (it is linearly elastic and will not deform plastically)
The beam is initially straight with a cross section that is
constant throughout the beam length.
The material has same value of Young modulus both in
compression and tensional condition.
Cross-sections remain plane and perpendicular to the
neutral surface after bending.
The beam is subject to pure bending. This means that the
shear force is zero, and that no torsional or axial loads are
present.

General Bending Stress Formula

Where;
M = Bending Moment (Nm)
I = Second moment of area @ moment inertia
(m4)
E = Young modulus (N/m 2 @ Pa)
R = Radius of curvature (m)
= Bending stress (N/m 2 @ Pa)
y = Distance from neutral axis (m)
5

What is Centroid?
The centroid of a body is the center of its

mass.
The point at which it would be stable, or

balance, under the influence of gravity.

It is also often called the center of gravity.

Second moment of area for basic

shape
Shape

Centroid

Second moment of
area

y = d/2

I = bd3/12

y = d/2

I = d4/64
@
I = r4 /4

Rectangular
b
d

NA
y

*NA- Neutral axis

Circle
d
NA
y

Formula to find second moment of

area, I
Single shape

Combination shape

I = bd3
12

I = ( INA + Ah2 )

Example: Find I at neutral axis (Single

shape)
Solution:20 bmm
I = bd3/12
d
IPN= 20 (253)
25 mm
12
I = 26.04 x 103 mm4 # @
b = 20 mm
I = 26.04 x 10-9
m4 #
d = 25 mm
mm4
m4 (x
10-12)
9

Steps to find I for combination shape

10

Example: Calculate I about the x axis

(combination shape)
50
mm
20
mm

40
mm
x

x
10
mm

11

Step 1: Find A and y from x-x

50 mm
20
mm
40
mm
x

10
mm

Part
b
=10
d=
40

Area, A (mm2)
1

40

10 x 40 = 400

y from x-x (mm)

40/2 = 20

10
b=
50
d=
20

20

50 x 20 = 1000

20/2 + 40

50
12

Step 2: Find y and h

2

h2

NA

y=
41.4

h1

y2

y1
x

h = Distance
from
sentroid of
each
part to NA

13

Step 3: Find IPN and Ah2

Part 1

Part 2

14

Step 4: Find I= ( IPN + Ah2 )

Ixx = ( INA + Ah2 )
= ( INA + A1h12 ) + ( INA + A2h22 )
= [ (53.3 x 103) + (183.18 x 103) ] + [ (53.3 x 103)
+ (183.18 x 103) ]
= (236.5 x 103) + (107.3 x 103)
= 343.76 x 103 mm4 @ 343.76 x 10-9 m4 #
mm4
10-12)

m4 (x

15

Exercise: Find y and I about the x axis

Exercise 1

Exercise 2
30
mm

120 mm
20
mm
40
mm

120
mm

100
mm

10
mm
120 mm

Answer:
y = 72.86 mm
I xx = 32.92 x 106
mm4

40
mm

30
mm
x
120
mm

Answer:
y = 52.5 mm
I xx = 14.71 x 106
mm4

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