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R.T.T.C. HYDERABAD
Contents
Objective
GSM Principles
Cellular Technology
GSM Network
Call Processing
Handoffs
GPRS
EDGE
R.T.T.C. HYDERABAD
MOBILE COMMUNICATION
EGSM900 :
up: 880~890MHz
down: 925~935MHz
duplex interval: 45MHz
bandwidth: 10MHz
frequency interval: 200KHz
GSM1900MHz:
up:1850~1910MHz
down:1930~1990MHz
duplex interval: 80MHz
working bandwidth: 60MHz
frequency interval: 200KHz
R.T.T.C. HYDERABAD
FDMA
TDMA
Cellular Technology &
Frequency Re-use Scheme
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FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple
Access Scheme
Uplink Frequency Band = (890 915) MHz
Downlink Frequency Band = (935 960) MHz
Absolute Radio Freq Carrier Number
(ARFCN)
Bandwidth = 915 890 or 960 935
= 25 MHz
R.T.T.C. HYDERABAD
GSM-FDMA
890
915
25 MHz
1
890.4 890.6
200 kHz
45MHz
960
25 MHz
1
Mobile to Base
890.2
935
Base to Mobile
(MHz)
935.2
935.4
935.6
200 kHz
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TDMA
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GSM-TDMA
Amplitude
45 MHz
F1
(Cell Rx)
5 6
7 8
F2
5 6
7 8
Frequency
F1
F2
(Cell transmit)
10
Cellular Technology
Cell
Site
Cluster
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CELL
A base station (transmitter) having a number of RF channels
is called a cell.
Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile subscribers
within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area)
Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km (Start up), 1 Km
(Mature).
Types of Cells
OMNI CELLS
SECTOR CELLS
- Two Sector Cells
-
12
Fundamental problems
Radio range, or coverage
no. of channels, or voice circuits
Full, seamless service coverage
Large no. of subscribers in the
range of millions
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GIVEN FREQ.
RESOURCE
7
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A CLUSTER OF CELLS
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CO-CHL INTERFERENCE
:Interference caused by another cell/mobile using the
same frequency
Co Chl Interference is
a Function of Q
the re-use ratio:
D
Q =D / R
R
Higher Q
Lower Q
15
CLASSIFICATION OF CELLS
MICRO CELL
MACRO CELL
UMBRELLA CELL
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GSM subsystems
1. Network Subsystem includes the equipments
and functions related to end-to-end call.
2. Radio Subsystem includes the equipments and
functions related to the management of the
connections on the radio path.
3.
17
Network Architecture
1 MSC=16 BSC, 1 BSC=1024 TRU
OSS
HLR
B
T
S
PSTN
ISDN
B
T
S
BSC
BSC
MSC VLR
A Interface
B
T
S
Air interface
Data
Networks
A-bis interface
MSC VLR
HYDERABAD
BSC:BASE STATION CONTROLLER, BTS: BASER.T.T.C.
TRANSRECEIVER
STATION, OSS: OPERATION AND SUPPORT
SUBSYSTEM.ss
18
19
II
II
MSC
MSC
MSC
VLR
VLR
MSC
II
I
VLR
IV
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VLR
MSC
LA4
LA5
LA3
LA6
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GSM Cells
LA2
LA3
LA1
VLR
LA4
MSC
LA5
C1
C6
LA6
C3
C2
C5
C4
C=CELL
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CellArea
Location
Area served by a BTS
Location Area
MSC Service Area
PLMN Service Area
GSM Service Area
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Call Processing
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SETUP PHASE
RINGING PHASE
CONVERSATION PHASE
RELEASE PHASE
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SETUP PHASE
- REQUEST FOR SERVICE ( CHANNEL ) BY MS
- CM SERVICE REQUEST
- AUTHENTICATION
- CIPHERING
- EQUIPMENT VALIDATION ( EIR CHECK )
- SETUP MESSAGE
- VALIDATION AT VLR
- ASSIGNMENT
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No
Release Complete
message to MS
Yes
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HYDERABAD
ASSIGNM
ENT
27
Routing Analysis
Paging
Authentication
Ciphering
Call-Setup
Call Release
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Handover
Hard Handover Break before make
Soft Handover make before break
Softer Handover
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Handovers
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GSM Evolution
2G
2.5G
GSM
GPRS
GSM
200 KHz carrier
8 full-rate time slots
16 half-rate time slots
3G
EDGE
GPRS
200 KHz carrier
115 Kbps peak data
rates
UMTS
UMTS
EDGE
5 MHz carrier
200 KHz carrier
Data rates up to 384 Kbps 2 Mbps peak data rates
New IMT-2000 2 GHz spectrum
8-PSK modulation
Higher symbol rate
HSCSD
HSCSD
Circuit-switched data
64 Kbps peak data rates
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2.5G-GPRS Vs 2G-GSM
2.5G GPRS (GSM Advanced)
SUPPORTS BOTH CKT.
SWITCHED as well as packet
switched service.
2G-GSM
Only circuit
switched.
Simple
billing.
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time-based
33
GPRS Network
MSC/
VLR
HLR
SMSGMSC
EIR
Gr
Gs
Gd
Gf
Signalling
SGSN
BSC
Gb
Air (Um)
Gn
Gn
GGSN
GGSN
Gp
External
packet
network
Gi
Inter-PLMN
GPRS
Backbone
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EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
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E-mail, fax,
intranet/ internet access.
* Location-based
applications -
* Vertical applications -
* Location sensitive
Advertising -
36
Mobile VAS
VAS
VAS categories
categories
Entertainment
Entertainment
Entertainment VAS is
designed for mass
appeal and extensive
usage.
These provide
entertainment for leisure
time usage
E.g. Jokes, Bollywood
ringtones, games, etc.
Information
Information
Information VAS
provides useful
information to the end
user
User interest comes in
from the personal
component of the content
E.g. News alerts, travel
information, ticket
information, etc.
mCommerce
mCommerce
mCommerce allow the
use to conduct a
transaction using the
mobile phone.
Currently in a nascent
stage
E.g. banking
applications from
Barclays, ICICI bank and
payment platform from
paymate, obopay, etc.
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38
MMS
Phone 2 Phone
Phone 2 e-mail
e-mail 2 Phone
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40
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Video-on-Demand
Multiplayer gaming
Live TV
3G-Training deck-v21.ppt
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42
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44
Video Call
With the deployment
of 3G,Video call
service will put BSNL
on clear cut
advantageous position
with respect to its
competitors
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Video Call
46
Thank You
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