MALNUTRITION

Definition :
Does not take balanced diets,
Either :
a) Eat insufficient nutrients
b) Eat excessive amount of
certain nutrients

Excessive /
insufficient intake of
certain nutrients can
lead to diseases

Examples of

DEFICIENCY

1. Deficiency in Protein will lead to:

a) Kwashiorkor
b) Hair & skin are discolored & the
belly (perut) is bloated.
c) Blindness (children)
d) Healing of wounds is slow

Nigerian orphanage in the late 1960's show

symptoms of malnutrition ~ kwashiorkor.

2. Deficiency in Fatty Acids

Fatigue
Dry skin
Immune weakness
Gastrointestinal disorders
Cardiovascular diseases

Recent research suggest that depression &

aggresion may be linked to Omega-3 fatty
acid deficiency.

3. Deficiency in Vitamins
Vitamin A ~ Night blindness

Vitamin B1 ~ Beri-beri

Vitamin B1 ~ Pellagra

Lesions over the anterior suface of the chest and

upper end of sternum.
certain amount of redness, roughness and
pigmentation

Vitamin C ~ Scurvy

Vitamin D ~ Rickets

Vitamin E ~ Sterility (unable

to produce offspring)

Vitamin K ~ Slow Blood Clotting

4. Deficiency in Minerals
Iron ~ Anaemia

Phosphorus ~ rickets

Calcium ~ Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis
Is a condition in which
bones loses Ca &
become porous &
brittle.

Calcium ~ Delay in blood

clotting

Potassium ~ Muscular
weakness

Sodium ~ Muscular Cramps

Iodine ~ Goitre (aldults)

 Our diet should contain all the

VITAMINS & MINERALS that
our body need.
Excessive intake of VITAMINS
(ADEK) is toxic to liver.

Examples of

EXCESSIVE
INTAKE

1. Calcium
Excessive intake of Ca
can cause calculus
(stones) formation in
kidneys & gall bladder.

a) Calcium Urine Bladder

stone

b) Calcium Kidney stone

c) Calcium Gall Bladder

stones

2. Carbohydrate
Excessive intake of
carbohydrates can cause :

a) Diabetes melitus
b) Obesity.

2. Carbohydrates & lipids Obesity

3. Saturated fats &

cholesterol
1. Tend to deposit in blood vessels.
2. Cause the narrowing of lumen of
blood vessels.
As a result :
a) Blood pressure rise
b) Blood vessel may burst

Examples of cardiovascular diseases :

(diseases of the heart & blood
vessels)

a) High blood pressure

b) Stroke
c) Heart disease

Stroke

 Overdose of Vit. A ~ can cause

headache, nausea, birth defects
Overdose of Vit. D ~ can cause the Ca
to deposit in soft tissue.
Overdose of Iron ~ cause
constipation

HOW TO
REDUCE ??

High Blood Pressure &

Diabetes Melitus
Prevent obesity
Diet low in saturated fats &
cholesterol
Avoid excessive carbohydrates
(sugars & starch which lack
dietary fibres)

Osteoporosis
Eat foods rich in Ca (milk,
anchoves, vegetables & cereals)
Avoid excessive intake of
proteins. Can cause bones to
lose Ca