IPv4

IP ADDRESSING

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
 10.10.10.10

What is this ?

Just Set of numbers; IP address without

network mask is just set of numbers.

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
 10.10.10.10 /24
IP add is a 4Octate, 4byte, 32bit address

10 . 10 . 10 . 10
IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
 2414 5262
Area Code Subscriber No.

10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24
IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII

N/W Bits Host Bits

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24
IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII

N/W Bits
N/W add – 10 . 10 . 10 . 0 / 24
Host add– 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
 210. 10 . 10 . 10 / 8
What is N/W add?
What is Host add?

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
 DECIMAL to BINARY CONVERSION

I I I I I I I I
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
 BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION

I I I I I I I I
10 - 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
130 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
255 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24 Prefix Mask
IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII

IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII 0000000

255 . 255 . 255 . 0 Subnet Mask

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
 CLASS OF ADDRESS
Subnet Prefix Hosts Per
Mask Mask Subnet
24
CLASS A 1 – 126 255.0.0.0 /8 2
Public
16
IP ADD CLASS B 128 – 191
Distribution
255.255.0.0 /16 2
purpose 8
CLASS C 192 – 223 255.255.255.0 /24 2
Multicast
purpose CLASS D 224 – 239 /1 - /32
Research CLASS E 240 – 255
purpose /1 - /32
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
127 – Universal Loopback 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
 Hosts Per Bit

I I I I I I I I
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
 How will you read this

130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 16
Class B address with default mask of 16 bits

130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
Class B address with Subnet mask of 24 bits
If mask is more then given mask it is called subnet

130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 8
Class B address with Supernet mask of 8 bits
If mask is less then given mask it is called supernet

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
16.0.0.0 /8 US

BLR

BKC

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
BKC

12 30
Users Users

Andheri Vashi

MS NP
24
Users 28
Users

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
 Bits to mask

I +I I+ I + I + I +I I+ +
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
BKC
16
16.20.20.1/27 .20
.20
12 .97 30

27
16.2
/27
Users

/
16.20.20.2/27

33
Users

.
16.20.20.98/27

20

0.20
.
20
Andheri
.

.65/
16.20.20.129/27 16 Vashi

27
16.20.20.130/27 16.20.20.34/27 16.20.20.226/27
16.20.20.66/27 16.20.20.225/27

MS NP
16.20.20.161/27 16.20.20.193/27
24
Users 28
16.20.20.162/27 Users
16.20.20.194/27

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
BKC
16
16.20.20.1/30 .20
.20
12 .14 30

16.2
0
/30
Users

3
Users 16.20.20.2/30

6/
0.
16.20.20.13/30

0.20
2
0.
.2
Andheri

.10/
16.20.20.129/27 16 Vashi

30
16.20.20.130/27 16.20.20.5/30 16.20.20.226/27
16.20.20.9/30 16.20.20.225/27

MS NP
16.20.20.161/27 16.20.20.193/27
24
Users 28
16.20.20.162/27 Users
16.20.20.194/27

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
 GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 /24
Requirement : - I need 4 networks ; IP subnet
zero is not allowed

Q1) what is the first Valid host address

Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
 GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 /24
Requirement : - I need 6 host add

Q1) what is the first Valid host address

Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
 I I I I I I I I
0 /27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 /27 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
32 /27 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
63 /27 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
64 /27 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
95 /27 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
 GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 0 . 0 /16
Requirement : - I need 1000 host add

Q1) what is the first Valid host address

Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
 GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 0 . 0 /16
Requirement : - I need 500 N/W Add

Q1) what is the first Valid host address

Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
 GIVEN: 16 . 0 . 0 . 0 /8
Requirement : - I need 4096 N/W Add

Q1) what is the first Valid host address

Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
IIIIIIII

N/W Bits

Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
Session Number
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25