Sources of Fresh

Water
Three
kinds
of
fresh
water
resources
Standing water bodies such as
lakes, reservoirs and streams
Flowing water bodies such as
streams and rivers
Ground water

Need for Water

The primary concern regarding the
perpetual need for water concerns four
major sectors:
O Agriculture and livestock that constitute
79.6 per cent demand
O Power generation that requires 13.6 per
cent stream water
O Industrial consumption that requires 3.2
per cent
O Domestic consumption, which requires
about 3.5 per cent of the water resources

Minerals
O Minerals

supply raw materials and

power for the development of industries.
O Minerals can be classified into five
categories:
i. Power minerals
ii. Metallic minerals
O
Ferrous
O
Non-ferrous
iii. Non-metallic minerals
iv. Building materials
v.

Others

Coal Mining
O Coal mining is one of the oldest

industries in India, started in 1814 at

Raniganj, Bengal.
O The total coal deposits of India have
been estimated at 1,48,791 million
tonnes,
O Two-thirds of these lie too deep for
profitable working.
O They are unevenly distributed and to
move them to areas where they are
required, costs a lot of money.

Iron Ore
O Iron ore forms the basic raw material for

the iron and steel industry.

O At an estimated 17,570 million tonnes,
India is said to have one-fourth of the
worlds reserves of this mineralthe
largest as compared to any other
country in the world.
O The richest deposits of iron ore are
found in Singhbhum in Bihar.
O Good quality iron ore occurs in Bihar,
Orissa,
Madhya
Pradesh,
Goa,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Mysore.

Manganese Ore
O Manganese

is a very important
mineral for the steel industry.
O India ranks third in the world in
manganese deposits.
O Our total deposits are about 128
million tonnes out of which about
one-fourth is high quality manganese
ore.

Bauxite
O Bauxite is used in the manufacture

of aluminium, cement, refractories

and in refining kerosene.
O Bauxite
is
found
in
Bihar,
Maharashtra,
Jammu,
Madhya
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
O We have approximately 2,650 million
tonnes of bauxite of which about
one-third is in Bihar.

Copper, Lead and Zinc

O These are basic materials required

for the development of many metal

and non-metal industries.
O India does not have much of these
minerals, though we have not yet
made any scientific survey in this
direction.
O The deposits are roughly placed at
580 million tonnes of copper ore and
360 million tonnes of lead and zinc
ores.

Sea Wealth
O India has a coastline of 5,690 km

with a sea-fishing area of some

110,000 sq. km.
O India produced 1.15 million tonnes of
fish as against an estimated demand
of 4.5 million tonnes.
O About 1.5 million people are either
directly or indirectly dependent on
fishery.
O Industries connected with sea foods
employ more than a million people.

Thank you