CCTV Systems Encoding Standards and ONVIF

Selecting your CCTV encoding
standard
Optimise and protect your investment
[NAME], [POSITION]
[EVENT OR DATE]
Selecting your CCTV encoding standard
Agenda
H.264 its a standard... right?

ONVIF: 1st step to global standardisation
iSCSI: Record anywhere in your network
Live demonstration
Security Systems
ST-PRM/EU Gerard Otterspeer/Ruud Toonders | 01/05/2009 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2009. All rights reserved, also regarding any
disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
1st: A guide to standardisation bodies
ITU-T
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)
Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)
ISO/IEC
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
Both teams work together in the Joint Video Team (JVT)
Security Systems
A guide to standardisation bodies History

H.261 v1 H.261 v2 H.263 H.263 + H.263 ++
ITU-T
MPEG-1
MPEG
Year
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
H.262/MPEG-2
JVT
1988
1992
MPEG-4 part1
1996
MPEG-4 p2
2000
Security Systems
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
2004
2008
2nd The goal
ITU-T Recommendation H.264 or

ISO/IEC MPEG-4 part 10
Advanced Video Coding (AVC)
Goals for development:

create a standard capable of providing good video quality at
substantially lower bit rates than previous standards
Intended for a wide variety of applications:

low and high resolution video
Broadcast
DVD storage
IP network
ITU-T multimedia telephony systems
Security Systems
3rd: The directions
The standard includes several sets of capabilities, which are referred

to as profiles, targeting specific classes of applications.
Two are relevant to CCTV video encoding:
Baseline Profile
Primarily for applications with limited computing resources, this
profile is used widely in videoconferencing, mobile applications
and CCTV video encoding.
Main Profile
Originally intended as the mainstream consumer profile for
broadcast and storage applications. Now implemented by Bosch
for recording of CCTV Video.
Security Systems
The road travelled

Analog
frame
SCENE
Interlacing
Interlacing
Interlaced
Frame
Odd field
Even field
Security Systems
The road travelled

t
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
I
JPEG
P
Predicted
P
Predicted
P
Predicted
P
Predicted
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
Security Systems
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
I
JPEG
H.264 profiles
SCENE
Baseline
Baseline +
Base profile for H.264
Additional elements
for better frame
quality
H.264
Main
High Quality encoding for
recording
Security Systems
Baseline Profile
SCENE
Baseline
Baseline profile
profile
H.264
Building
Benefit
II &
Building
Block
Slices
Benefit
&P
P
Slices Block
Quarter-Pel
MC
MC
More image detail
Quarter-Pel
Different Block Sizes
Different
Different Block
Block Sizes
Sizes
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter image looks better to
In-Loop Deblocking
Filter
Multiple
Multiple Reference
Reference frames
frames human eyes
Intra
Intra Prediction
Prediction
Multiple reference pictures better compression
CAVLC
CAVLC
of difficult scenes
Flexible
Flexible Macroblock
Macroblock Order
Order
Lower bitrate
Arbitrary
Slice
CAVLC
Arbitrary
Slice Order
Order
Security Systems
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Large blocks where details are low, Small blocks where details
are high
With H.264 we can even go as small as 4x4 pixels
More image detail where needed without unnecessary overhead
Security Systems
Baseline Profile
SCENE
Baseline
Baseline profile
profile
H.264
Building
Benefit
II &
Building
Block
Slices
Benefit
&P
P
Slices Block
Quarter-Pel
MC
MC
More image detail
Quarter-Pel
Different
Different Block
Block Sizes
Sizes
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter
In-Loop
Deblocking
In-Loop Deblocking
Filter
Multiple
Multiple Reference
Reference frames
frames human eyes
Intra
Intra Prediction
Prediction
CAVLC
CAVLC
of difficult scenes
Flexible
Flexible Macroblock
Macroblock Order
Order
Lower bitrate
Arbitrary
Slice
CAVLC
Arbitrary
Slice Order
Order
Security Systems
In-Loop Deblocking Filter
Smoothes the edges between macro blocks

Makes the image easier for our eyes without loosing details
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Reconstructed Frame; QP=32; No Filter
Reconstructed Frame; QP=32; With Filter
Better and easier experience of the resulting image for the human user
Security Systems
Baseline Profile
SCENE
Baseline
Baseline profile
profile
H.264
Building
Benefit
II &
Building
Block
Slices
Benefit
&P
P
Slices Block
Quarter-Pel
MC
MC
More image detail
Quarter-Pel
Different
Different Block
Block Sizes
Sizes
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter
In-Loop
Deblocking
In-Loop Deblocking
Filter
Multiple
Multiple Reference
Reference frames
frames human eyes
Intra
Intra Prediction
Prediction
CAVLC
CAVLC
of difficult scenes
Flexible
Flexible Macroblock
Macroblock Order
Order
Lower bitrate
Arbitrary
Slice
CAVLC
Arbitrary
Slice Order
Order
Security Systems
Multiple reference pictures
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Multi-picture motion compensation using previously-encoded

pictures as references.
Very significant bit rate reduction for scenes with:

back-and-forth scene cuts or uncovered background areas
Security Systems
Baseline Profile
SCENE
Baseline
Baseline profile
profile
H.264
Building
Benefit
II &
Building
Block
Slices
Benefit
&P
P
Slices Block
Quarter-Pel
MC
MC
More image detail
Quarter-Pel
Different
Different Block
Block Sizes
Sizes
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter
In-Loop
Deblocking
In-Loop Deblocking
Filter
Multiple
Multiple Reference
Reference frames
frames human eyes
Intra
Intra Prediction
Prediction
CAVLC
CAVLC
of difficult scenes
Flexible
Flexible Macroblock
Macroblock Order
Order
Lower bitrate
Arbitrary
Slice
CAVLC
Arbitrary
Slice Order
Order
Security Systems
CAVLC
Context-Adaptive Variable-Length Coding

H.264
Encoder
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
H.264
Decoder
Entropy
bit stream
Encoder
Entropy
bit stream
Decoder
Lower bitrate, up to 15%
Security Systems
LA
N
H.264 profiles - Baseline
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Bare recommendation, does not support interlaced video (field

coding)
This dictates that the maximum resolution is 2CIF
For More
those
systems
medium
resolution
Bosch
provides
image
detailrequiring
where needed
without
unnecessary
overhead
optimum investment protection, by supporting H.264 Baseline
profile @ 25IPS on existing IP cameras and encoders with the
release of firmware 4.0.
Better and easier experience of the resulting image for the human user

Security Systems
18
Baseline+ profile
H.264
Baseline+
Baseline+ profile
profile
IIII &
Building
&
Slices
Benefit
Building
Block
&P
P
P
Slices
Benefit
&
P
Slices Block
Quarter-Pel
Quarter-Pel
Quarter-Pel MC
MC
MC
Quarter-Pel
MC
More image detail
Different
Block
Sizes
Different
Block
Sizes
Different
Block
Sizes
Different
Block
Sizes
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter
In-Loop
Deblocking
Filter
In-Loop
Deblocking
In-Loop Deblocking
Filter
Multiple
frames
Multiple Reference
Reference
Multiple
Reference
frames
Multiple
Referenceframes
frames
Intra
Prediction
Intra
Prediction
Multiple
reference pictures better compression
Intra
Prediction
Intra
Prediction
CAVLC
CAVLC
CAVLC
CAVLC
Lower bitrate
CAVLC
Field
Coding
Field
Coding
Flexible
Flexible Macroblock
Macroblock Order
Order
Interlacing support
Arbitrary
Slice
Field Coding
Arbitrary
Slice Order
Order
Security Systems
19
SCENE
Baseline+: Baseline + field coding
Remember the analogue picture we started with?

Interlaced
Frame (4CIF)
Odd field (2CIF)
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Even field (2CIF)
Support of interlaced resolutions up to 4CIF whilst maintaining all

H.264 Baseline benefits.
Security Systems
H.264 profiles Baseline+
Baseline+ is implemented in
Divar XF Hybrid Recorder
Autodome Easy IP
We implemented it also in our new VIPX 1600 encoder modules.
Existing platforms run H.264 encoder in firmware on DSP
New platform uses dedicated hardware accelerator chips for

H.264 encoding
New Bosch encoders also support H.264 main profile!
Security Systems
Main profile
SCENE
Main
Main profile
profile
H.264
B-Slices
II &
& PP Slices
Slices
MBAFF
Quarter-Pel
Quarter-Pel MC
MC
Weighted
Different
Different Block
Block Sizes
Sizes
Prediction
In-Loop
In-Loop Deblocking
Deblocking Filter
Filter
Multiple
Multiple Reference
Reference frames
frames CABAC
Intra
Intra Prediction
Prediction
CAVLC
CAVLC
Field
Field Coding
Coding
Security Systems
22
B Slices
Bi-directional predictive coding
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
I
JPEG
P
Predicted
P
Predicted
P
Predicted
P
Predicted
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
inter-picture prediction, longer-term references

bitrate reduction 15-30% over baseline profile
Security Systems
Analog
frame
Analog
frame
I
JPEG
Main profile
SCENE
Main
Main profile
profile
H.264
B-Slices
II &
& PP Slices
Slices
MBAFF
Quarter-Pel
Quarter-Pel MC
MC
Weighted
Different
Different Block
Block Sizes
Sizes
Prediction
In-Loop
In-Loop Deblocking
Deblocking Filter
Filter
Multiple
Multiple Reference
Reference frames
frames CABAC
Intra
Intra Prediction
Prediction
CAVLC
CAVLC
Field
Field Coding
Coding
Security Systems
24
CABAC
Winzip on steroid
Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding

H.264
Encoder
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
H.264
Decoder
Entropy
bit stream
Encoder
Entropy
bit stream
Decoder
More efficient lossless entropy encoding

Bitrate reduction 10-30% over CAVLC
Security Systems
LA
N
inter-picture prediction, longer-term references

bitrate reduction 15-30% over baseline profile
More efficient lossless entropy encoding
Bitrate reduction 10-30% over CAVLC so 20% overall
Up to
to 50%
50% more
more efficient*
efficient*
Up
Support of interlaced resolutions up to 4CIF whilst

maintaining all H.264 Baseline benefits.
Up to
to 30%
30% more
more efficient*
efficient*
Up
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Better and easier experience of the resulting image

for the human user
BENEFIT
BENEFIT

BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
More image detail where needed without unnecessary

overhead
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Baseline Profile
Profile
Baseline
Baseline+Profile
Profile
Baseline+
MainProfile
Profile
Main
The benefits of H.264
* In relation to MPEG4, depending on scene and quality set
Security Systems
Confidential | STVC/PRM | 4/30/2009 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2009. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal,
exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

Identical quality = lowest bitrate
MPEG4@2600kbps
BP+@1800kbps
Fixed bitrate = best quality

MPEG4@500kbps
MP@500kbps
BP+@500kbps
Security Systems
27
MP@1600kbps
Adds delay
Use only
for
recording
XFM4 H.264 encoding module

1st member of our new hardware platform
Full H.264 4CIF@25IPS resolution encoding in hardware
Each module provides in parallel at 4CIF@25ips:
4x H.264@baseline for low-latency live stream (up to 30% less
bandwidth*)
4x H.264@main profile for recording stream (up to 50% less

bandwidth*)
JPEG
Audio
No direct CPU power limitations

Dedicated IVA 4.0 hardware engine
Dedicated iSCSI recording engine
* In relation to MPEG4, depending on scene and quality set
Security Systems
28
YES
but
The decoding part is standard, although not all created
equal.
Profile building blocks can be picked at leisure
Which can be some;
Or many
But all maybe called H.264
H.264 encoded video
Security Systems
29
H.264 its a standard... right? YES but

Transmit
Receive
Decoding
however..
H.264
Encoder
Security Systems
H.264
Decoder
Agenda

Live demonstration
Security Systems
About ONVIF
ONVIF = Open Network Video Interface Forum

Global and open industry forum for the development of a global
interface standard for network video products
Non-profit organization supported by membership fees
Open to all companies and organizations
Founded in 2008 by Axis, Bosch and Sony
Security Systems
Mission
MISSION
MISSION
Standardize communication between network video devices

Ensure interoperability between network video products
Open to all companies and organizations
To facilitate the development and use of a global open

standard for the interface of network video products
Security Systems
33
Currently 57 members (April 2009)

Full
members
Contributing
members
User
members
37 companies
Security Systems
34
Before ONVIF: connecting encoders and

decoders
Network Layer
LAN
Communication:
Bosch
Axis
Sony
Company X
E.g. live
streaming
or
metadata
Decoder included
in PC software
Decoder included
in PC software
Security Systems
ST/MKT3 | 7/14/2008 | Robert Bosch GmbH 2008. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction,
editing, distribution, as well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
After ONVIF: connecting encoders and

The new standard defines a common protocol (language) for
decoders
network video devices on how to exchange information like live

video or meta data
LAN
E.g. live
streaming
or
metadata
Security Systems
Network Layer
Communication:
ONVIF
Before ONVIF: video management
LAN
Bosch SDK
Axis SDK
Sony SDK
Company X
SDK
Closed Video Management System Platform
Security Systems
37
After ONVIF: video management
LAN
Standard compliant SDK e.g. Bosch SDK
Open Video Management System Platform
Security Systems
38
ONVIF - Version 1.0
Interfaces of version 1.0 of ONVIF core specification covers

the following Network Layer Communications:
FW 4.0
4.0
FW
Local and remote device discovery

Device management
Imaging/ media configuration
Real time streaming of audio and video
Event handling
Video analytics
PTZ (Pan, Tilt and Zoom) control security
Includes streaming set-up and control from JPEG, MPEG-4 &

H.264 network video devices but does not cover
compression standards.
FW 4.0 is ONVIF 1.0 ready
Device discovery, configuration and media service (MJPEG + H.264) are supported.
PTZ, event and imaging services are not supported yet.
Fully compliant with the official ONVIF Test Tool 1.01 .
Security Systems
39
The benefits of the ONVIF standard

End
End Users
Users
Increased flexibility and greater freedom of choice

Security of investment in future-proof systems
Reduced total cost of ownership
Integrators
Integrators
and
and
consultant
consultant
ss
Interoperability between different vendors products

Simplified installation
Greater freedom to specify a system
Manufacture
Manufacture
rs
rs
Software
Software
vendors
vendors
Interoperability
Extended market opportunities
Reduced in-house development costs
Security Systems
Agenda

Live demonstration
Security Systems
A guide to recording and storage - History
Recording
VCRs
Storage
Tapes
Year
1970
1990
DVRs
NVRs
Hard disks
1996
SCSI
2000
Intelligent cameras, a stack of hard drives
Security Systems
2004
Direct
iSCSI
iSCSI
2008
Closer Look on Direct-to-iSCSI
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
Camera is streaming directly to iSCSI storage devices

Intelligence at the edge
Fixed assignment of IP video
source to iSCSI storage device
Eliminate the need for NVRs

Provides latest Bosch techniques like Forensic Search
Security Systems
A guide to recording and storage - History
Recording
VCRs
Storage
Tapes
Year
1970
1990
DVRs
NVRs
Hard disks
1996
SCSI
2000
2004
Intelligent cameras, a stack of hard drives , and a pinch of

software
Security Systems
Direct
iSCSI
VRM
iSCSI
2008
Closer Look on the Video Recording Manager
BENEFIT
BENEFIT
One VRM for all cameras, acts like traffic cop

Still direct-to-iSCSI recording
Automatic redundancy if disc space is available
Easy network scalability
Eliminate the need for NVRs

Provides latest Bosch techniques like Forensic Search
Provides load balancing and failover for iSCSI storage
Security Systems
Agenda

Live demonstration
Security Systems
H.264
H.264
Not all H.264 is created equal, look behind the label

Main profile recording significantly reduces TCO
ONVIF
ONVIF
FW 4.0 is ONVIF ready and partly supports version 1.0 on JPEG

Look for full compliance in cameras, encoders and DVRs soon
iSCSI
iSCSI
Final Thoughts
Direct-to-iSCSI recording eliminates the single point of failure

And significantly reduces TCO
Security Systems
Thank you for your attention

[NAME], [POSITION]

CCTV Systems Encoding Standards and ONVIF

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Selecting your CCTV encoding

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

H.264 its a standard... right?

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

1st: A guide to standardisation bodies

Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

Both teams work together in the Joint Video Team (JVT)

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

A guide to standardisation bodies History

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

2nd The goal

ITU-T Recommendation H.264 or

Goals for development:

Intended for a wide variety of applications:

ITU-T multimedia telephony systems

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

3rd: The directions

The standard includes several sets of capabilities, which are referred

Two are relevant to CCTV video encoding:

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

The road travelled

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

The road travelled

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Base profile for H.264

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Different Block Sizes

More image detail where needed without unnecessary overhead

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

In-Loop Deblocking Filter

Smoothes the edges between macro blocks

Reconstructed Frame; QP=32; No Filter

Reconstructed Frame; QP=32; With Filter

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Multiple reference pictures

Multi-picture motion compensation using previously-encoded

Very significant bit rate reduction for scenes with:

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Context-Adaptive Variable-Length Coding

Lower bitrate, up to 15%

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

H.264 profiles - Baseline

Bare recommendation, does not support interlaced video (field

Very significant bit rate reduction for scenes with:

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

Baseline+: Baseline + field coding

Remember the analogue picture we started with?

Odd field (2CIF)

Even field (2CIF)

Support of interlaced resolutions up to 4CIF whilst maintaining all

Selecting your CCTV encoding standard

H.264 profiles Baseline+

We implemented it also in our new VIPX 1600 encoder modules.

Existing platforms run H.264 encoder in firmware on DSP

New platform uses dedicated hardware accelerator chips for