Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Graphic representation of three different types of how the refractive index change in the core of an optical fiber.
Modes
LP01 mode - the fundamental mode and cut-off
Numerical aperture
Refractive index profile for a primary coated fiber including the refractive index for the acrylate. Diagram
shows the refractive index and group refractive index versus wavelenght used.
Dispersion
Intermodal dispersion
Because the different modes follow different paths through the fiber, a light pulse is broadened in
proportion to the length of the fiber.
Pulse broadening through dispersion. In single-mode fiber, intramodal and PMD dispersion occurs; in multi-mode
fiber, modal dispersion causes the greatest amount of pulse broadening.
Nonlinear effects
Because of the three evenly spaced wavelengths (channels) 1, 2 and 3 in this example, some of the newly
generated signals occur at the original wavelengths .
Energy path in a step index, multimode fiber. Note that the angle (90 - ) < .
Chromatic dispersion in a standard single-mode fiber for the interval 1150 1600 nm.
Chromatic dispersion for a dispersion shifted fiber and the refractive index profile.
Graph showing the different types of non-zero dispersion fibers compared with a dispersion shifted fiber
(red), included is also the refractive index profile.
Graph showing the chromatic dispersion in a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber and a dispersion shifted fiber. New
techniques have opened two new windows, (4 and 5) for WDM. Window 3 is traditionally used for DWDM.
Attenuation versus wavelength for the fiber with reduced water peak. The fiber may be used continuously for
12851625 nm.
Dispersion-compensating fiber
The dispersion compensating modules can be used at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a transmission link.
They can preferable be combined with en EDFA.