Infection Control Process

Bacteria (most
Lister, Pasteur and
numerous of all
Semmelweis were the
microorganisms,
first to contribute
unicellular, many are
about germ theory
pathogenic to human
Microorganisms
Protozoonology,Bacter Cocci,Bacilli and
Spirilla
iology,
Can be killed with
Virology,Mycology
antibiotics

Fungy and Bacteria

Cocci and Protozoa

Fungi
Parasistic and some
none parasistic plants
and molds
Yeast is a typical
fungus
Feed on antibiotics
and flourish in
antibiotic therapy

Protozoa
One cell organisms
Both parasite and non
parasite
can move with cilia or
false feet
typically 2 to 200 mm
in size

Virus
Smallest of all
microorganisms
can be seen only with
electronic microscope
can only multiply
within a living cell
can be destroyed by
heat
difficult to kill with
chemotherapy

Ricketssia
Visible under a
standard microscope
Susceptible to
antibiotics
transmitted by insects,
ticks, fleas

Conditions Required for bacterial

Growth

Moisture
Temperature
Oxygen
Light

Transmission of infections

The pathogen needs to be present

A reservoir of disease
a portal of exit from the reservoir
a means of transmission
a portal of entry
a susceptible host

Stages of Infection Process

Invasion
Multiplication
Incubation Period
Prodromal Period
Acute Period
Recovery Period

The Infection Control System

Defenses of the body (Dietary Intake, age of
person,adequate amount of rest, presence of
other disease in the body, genetics)
Prevention: Barriers of the body, skin, mucous
membranes, Ph acid,HCL in the stomach, etc
Lymphoid and Blood System
Antigen-Antibody ( Immunity)
Inflammatory Process

Acquired Immunity
Active Acquired Natural (by having the
disease)
Active Acquired Artificial ( Vaccination)
Passive Acquired Natural (Antibodies from
the mother to the baby)
Passive Acquired Artificial (temporary
protection with globulins)

Standards Precautions
Gloves
Gown
Mask/Protective
Eyewear/goggles
Transportation
Multiple use equipment
Needles and sharp
instruments

Medical Asepsis
Destruction of
organism after they
leave the body:
Washing Hands
Use of disposable
equipment
Wearing gloves helps

Handwashing
First stage of infection
control
Use disinfectants soap,
friction and warm
running water
No jewelry
Before and after a
contact with a patient

Surgical Asepsis
Refers to the
techniques practiced to
maintain a sterile
environment.
Destruction of the
microorganism before
they enter the body
There are 3 methods
for preventing the
spread of disease:

Surgical Asepsis
Sanitization (includes
the careful scrubbing of
equipment and
instruments with soap,
hot water, U/S,etc
Disinfection (soaking
and wiping process
with chemicals
germicides, flowing
steam and boiling water

Surgical Asepsis
Two common
disinfectants are
zephrin chloride and
chlorophenyl
Disinfectants are not
efective against spores
and some viruses
Betadine and alcohol
are used in patients

Disinfection Methods
Alcohol (used for skin
surfaces and
equipment such
stethoscopes and
thermometers,
flammable
Chlorine
(corrosive,cause skin
irritation

Disinfectants
Formaldehyde( use to
disinfect and sterilze)
Hydrogen Peroxide
(effective disinfectant
only for use in nonhuman surfaces and
products)
Glutaraldehyde (efective
against viruses, bacteria
and fungi

Sterilization
Results in killing ALL
microorganisms, both
pathogenic and non
pathogenic.
The use of heat (steam
or dry)chemicals,UV
radiations.
Dry heat is used for
dense ointments

Sterilization Time
Glassware, metal
instruments (open tray
or individual
wrappings) needles
15 minutes
Rubber products,
Instruments partial
metal
20 minutes