HAZARDOUS WASTE

MANAGEMENT
CHE 252

Definition

HW include solid, sludge, liquids/

containerized gas or combination
that may cause pollution damage to
health
and
even
death.
This
definition not include that which
discharge directly into air/water.

UNEP (Dec 1985)

HW means solid, sludge, liquids &
containerized
gas
other
than
radioactive & infectious waste- by
reasons of their chemical activities/
toxic explosive, corrosive or other
characteristics cause danger to
health/ environment whether along
when coming into contact with
waste.

Classifications

The basis to determine if the waste

is hazardous occur two ways :A) Lab test
B) on the list of specific hazard
waste

Lab testing
1) Corrosivity (highly alkaline/ acidic)
2) Ignitability (easily ignited & posing
fire)
3) Reactivity (potentially harmful,
sudden reaction ie: explosion)
4) Toxicity (capable release substance
to water in significant conc)

20 top hazardous substances

Engineering
classification
system for hazardous waste
Category Characteristic

Examples

Inorganic
aqueous
waste

Liquid
waste
composed primarily of
water but containing
acid/
alkali/concentrated
solutions of organics
hazardous substance

Spent sulfuric acid

from galvanizing.
Spent caustic bath
from metal finishing
Rinse water from
electroplating

Organic
aqueous
waste

Liquid
waste
composed primarily of
water but containing
admixtures or dilute
concentration
of
organic
hazard
(pesticides)

Rinse water from

pesticides containers.
Washing
chemical
reactors/formulation
tanks

Organics
liquids

Liquid
waste
containing
mixtures/concentrated
solution

halogenated
Spent
solvents from metal
degreasing/dry
cleaning
Distillation residues
from
chemical
intermediates

Oils

Petroleum derive oil

Used lubricating oil

from
internal
combustion engines
Use hydraulic and
turbine
oils
from
heavy equipments

Engineering classification
system for hazardous waste
Category Characteristic

Examples

Inorganic
sludge/sol
id

Sludge, dust, solid and

other non-liquid waste
containing
inorganic
hazardous substance

treatment
Waste
sludge from mercury
cell
process
of
chlorine production
Emission control dust
from
steel
manufacture
and
smelters.
sand from
Waste
coking operation

Organic
sludge/sol
id

Tar, sludge, solid and

other non liquid waste
containing
organic
hazardous substance

Sludge from painting

operations
Tar
residue
from
production of dyestuff
intermediates
Spent filter cake
from production of
pharmaceuticals
contaminated
Soil
with spilled solvents

Exposure route

Effects of HW

HW and their effects

Substan
ce

effects

Lead

Kidney, Brains damage

to children

Arsenic

Red+white blood cells

decrease

Mercury

Kidney

Cadmiu
m

Kidney

Chromiu
m

ORIGIN/SOURCE OF HW

Deliberate add to soil, water/ air

by human
Evaporation/wind erosion from
waste dump into the atmosphere
Leaching from waste dumps into
ground water stream of water.
Leakage from underground
tank/pipeline
Evaluation & subsequent
deposition by accidents
fire/explosion
Release from improper operated
waste treatment storage.

Physical-chemical properties

Vapor pressure exerted by the

vapor on liquid at equilibrium.
Varies with T and measure in ATM.
Solubility solute will dissolve
into another solvent. Depends on
T and chemical.
Diffusion coefficient movement
of a contaminant under influence
of concentration gradient.
Bioconcentration Factor
(BCF)amount of a chemical that
is likely to accumulate in aquatic
organism.
Sorption component moves
from one phase to another
boundary.

Physical-chemical properties

VOC (volatile organics

compounds) easily to vaporise.
Contaminant release can occur
in liquids, solid or gas phase.
Liquids release- contaminated
runoff, direct aqueous discharges
to surface water, leachate to
ground water.
Air emissions- stack emission
including gaseous and
particulates and volatile emission
from lagoons.
Solid- suspended solid in water.

TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

Neutralization
Oxidation
Reduction
Reverse osmosis
Ion Exchange
Carbon adsorption
Acid removal
Phenol destruction
Evaporative stripping
Land farming
Incineration
Recycle

TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

Hazardous waste can be :