SPECIAL

COMPONENTS OF
TALCHER KOLAR
BIPOLAR HVDC
Lecture by
P.RANGA RAO
Chief Manager / Kolar

HVDC EQUIPMENTS

What are the Special

Components of HVDC?

MAIN COMPONENTS OF HVDC

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Converter Transformer
Valve Hall
AC Harmonic Filters
Shunt Capacitors
DC Harmonic Filters
Smoothing Reactors
DC Current / Voltage measuring devices
Valve Cooling / Ventilation System
Valve Timing PT
VESDA
Electrode Station
Repeater Station

Basic Components of HVDC Terminal

Converter Xmers
AC Harmonic
400 kV
filters

DC Line

Smoothing Reactor

DC
D CFilter
F ilt e r

D C F ilt e r

Electrode
station

D C F ilt e r

D C F ilt e r

A C FShunt
ilte r
AC

A C F ilt e r

Capacitors

Valve Hall
-Thyristors

Valve Cooling
/ Ventilation
system

-Control & Protection

-Telecommunication

CONVERTER TRANSFORMER

400KV SIDE
BUSHING

STAR
BUSHINGS

DELTA
BUSHING

Converter Transformer

CONVERTER TRANSFORMERS

Three

Singe Phase Transformers for each Pole

Each Transformer is of Three Windings

Winding -1 connected to 400KV side in Star

Winding -2 connected to one six pulse bridge in
Star
Winding -3 connected to second six pulse bridge
in Delta

Easy

transportation

FEATURES OF CONVERTER TRANSFORMERS

Automatic onload tap changer control with

appropriate make and break capacity
Extra insulation due to DC currents
Proper conductors and magnetic shunts to take
care of the extra losses due to harmonic currents
Very rugged and reliable OLTC as tap-changing
is a integral means of conversion process and
control.

Converter Transformer Ratings

Type of converter transformer : Single phase

three windings
Rated power of line / star / delta winding (MVA) :
397/198.5/198.5
Rated current of line / star / delta winding (A):
1719/1635/944
Rated Voltage of Line/star/delta winding (Noload): 400/3/210.3/3/210.3
Tap changer (voltage range)
to +20 %
Tap changer steps
-4 (21 steps)
Tap changer current capacity

: -5 %
: 16 to
: 2X2000A

Converter Transformer Ratings

No

load losses 192KW

Load losses - 760KW @75C
Oil type Napthanic, Shell Diala
Bushings

Line side oil filled

Valve side Y SF6 filled
Valve side D RIP condenser
Total weight 461 Ton
Oil weight 118.7 Ton

Converter Transformer Connection

Valve Hall

1-ph 3 winding
Converter
Transformer

D
Y

D
Y

D
Y

B
Outdoor

Converter Transformer Cooling control

Automatic daily changeover of cooling pumps and fans

5 groups of fans and pumps
Each group One oil circulating pump & 3 cooling fans
4 groups will be in service with 2 fans each
One redundant group changeovers every day
Extra fans will switch ON when winding temperature > 75C
Redundant group will switch ON when winding temperature >85C
WTI Alarm - 115C
WTI Trip - 130C
OTI Alarm - 85C
OTI Trip - 95C

Converter
Transformer internal
connection

HVDC VALVE HALL LAYOUT

Multiple Valve Unit

Indoor type
Air insulation
Direct water cooling of all components in the valve producing losses
Application of single thyristors with a high current carrying and voltage
blocking capability (no parallel connection of thyristors)
Optoelectronic firing and monitoring system from the ground to thyristor
potential and vice versa without intermediate electronics
Monitoring of the status of all thyristor levels during operation
Protective firing of the thyristors as back up firing for self protection of
the valves against high over voltages in forward direction
Direct parallel connected surge arresters to each valve

Valve Hall Layout Cross Section

Converter Valves

Converter
Transformer
Smoothing Rector

DC Bushing

Valve Hall

MULTIPLE VALVE UNIT

G rd
Q u a d r u p le v a lv e

V a lv e
A rre s te r

A C

Multiple
Valve
Unit

D
Y

A C

D C

Circuit Diagram of the Converters for Pole 1

Valve Tower side view

1. AC Terminal
2. DC Terminal
3. Cooling Water Inlet
4. Cooling Water Outlet
5. Fiber Optic Cables Tubes

6. Thyristor Module
7. Insulator
8. Arrester
9. Screen

Max. length of fibre optic cables in quadruple valve L max =

17.5m
Weight of quadruple valve without arresters: approx. 19300
kg
All dimensions in mm

Valve Tower top view / 3D view

Max. length of fibre optic cables in quadruple valve L max =

17.5m
Weight of quadruple valve without arresters: approx. 19300
kg
All
dimensions
1. AC
Terminal in mm
6. Thyristor Module
2. DC Terminal
7. Insulator
3. Cooling Water Inlet
8. Arrester
4. Cooling Water Outlet
9. Screen
5. Fibre Optic Cables Tubes

Valve Structure
Valve Section / tier

Single Valve

Quadra Valve

Hierarchy of
valve structure
Each Thyristor level consists
Thyristor
Snubber circuit to prevent high
dv/dt
Snubber Capacitor
Snubber Resistor
Valve Reactor to prevent high
di/dt
Grading Resistor to equilize the
potential across all the levels in a
valve static equalizing
Grading capacitor dynamic
equalizing

Components in one valve

Component

Population Population
at Talcher at Kolar

Thyristor
Snubber Capacitor
Snubber Resistor
Valve Reactor
Grading Capacitor
Grading Resistor
Valve arrester
TE card

84
84
84
24
6
84
1
84

78
78
78
24
6
78
1
78

Components in one Pole

Component

Population
at Talcher

Population
at Kolar

Thyristor
Snubber Capacitor
Snubber Resistor
Valve Reactor
Grading Capacitor
Grading Resistor
Valve arrester
TE card

1008
1008
1008
288
72
1008
144
1008

936
936
936
288
72
936
144
936

Thyristor Module
GRADING CAPACITOR

SNUBBER CAPACITOR
SNUBBER RESISTOR

COOLING PIPE-PEX

THYRISTOR

TE CARD

FIBRE OPTICS

Thyristor Modular Unit top view

Thyristor Modular Unit Detailed View of Thyristor

Stack

Eastern Terminal (Talcher)

Southern Terminal (Kolar)

14 Thyristors

13 Thyristors

Thyristor Modular Unit Schematical Cooling

Circuit

Eastern Terminal (Talcher)

14 Thyristors
Z = Cooling Water Inlet
A = Cooling Water Outlet

Southern Terminal (Kolar)

13 Thyristors

Composition of an HVDC Valve

T h y r is to r
le v e l
TL

G a te
u n it

H eat
s in k s

1< k< n
W h e re k=
n =
+

V a lv e
s e c t io n

N o te
V S

TL

V S

1
TL
k
V a lv e

V S
=1

+
V S

F ib re o p t ic
s yste m

N o.
in a
N o.
in a

o f t h y r is t o r le v e l s
v a lv e s e c t io n
o f th y r is to r l e v e ls
v a lv e

is t h e s m a ll e s t
r e p e a ta b le e le c t ric a l
u n it o f a v a lv e ,
m e c h a n ic a l s u b - u n it s
m a y c o n t a in m u l t i p l e
o r s u b -d e v id e d v a lv e
s e c tio n s

C o o la n t
d is t rib .

In s u la tin g
s tru c tu re

Block Diagram of Thyristor Electronic

1 Light Receiver
2 Light Transmitter
3 Thyristor Voltage Detection
4 Logic

5 Gate Pusle Amplifier

6 Back Up Trigger Circuit
(BTC)
7 Energy Supply

Multi-Arm Fibre Optic Cable Used for Monitoring

Receiver
Side

Emitter Side

1 Protective sleeves in red colour

2 7 continuous single fibre cables

3 Labelling with markers

4 Designation on shrinking tube

Multi-Arm Fibre Optic Cable with Signal Mixing

Used for Triggering
Emitter Side

Receiver
Side

1 Protective sleeves in blue

colour
2 Fibre cables statistically mixed

3,5 Labelling with markers

4 Designation on shrinking tube

Thyristor T1501 N75 T - S34 (1)

Features:
High-power thyristor for phase control
Ceramic insulation
Contacts copper, nickel plated
Anode, Cathode and gate pressure
contacted
Inter digitised amplifying gate

Applications:
HVDC-Transmissions
Synchro- drivers
Reactive-power compensation
Controlled Rectifiers

Internal Structure of Thyristor

Thyristor T1501 N75 T - S34 (2) - Electrical

Maximum Ratings
Repetitive peak off-state voltage

VDRM = 7.5 kV at TVJ = +5C...120C

Repetitive peak reverse voltage

VRRM = 7.5 kV at TVJ = +5C...120C

Non-repetitive peak off-state voltage

VDSM = 8.0 kV at TVJ = +5C...120C

Non-repetitive peak reverse voltage

VRSM = 8.3 kV at TVJ = +5C...120C

Surge-on state current

ITSM = 22 kA at TVJ = +90C, 50 Hz Sinus, VR

=0V

Critical non-rep. rate of rise of

on-state current

di/dtcr = 160 A/s at TVJ = +90C, VD = VDRM

Critical rate of rise of on-state voltage

dV/dtcr = 8600 V/s at TVJ = +90C

Thyristor T1501 N75 T - S34 (3) - Electrical

Characteristic Ratings
Off-state current

ID = 500 mA at TVJ = +90C, VD = VDRM

Reverse current

IR = 500 mA at TVJ = +90C, VR = VRRM

On-state voltage

VT = 2.7 kV at TVJ = +90C, ITM = 4000 A

(stat. 50%/90% value)

Circuit-commuted recovery time

tq = max. 800 s at TVJ = +90C, ITM = 4000 A

di/dt = -4 A/s, VR = 100 V
dV/dt = 100 V/s, VD = 5000 V

Gate trigger current

IGT = 400 mA at TVJ = +25C, VD = 12 V

Gate trigger voltage

VGT = 3 V at TVJ = +25C, VD = 12 V

Thyristor T1501 N75 T - S34 (4) - Thermal and Mechanical

Ratings
Operating junction temp. range

TVJ = +5C...+120C

Storage temp. range

Tstg = -50C...+60C

Thermal resistance

Rth JC = 0.0064 K/W

Mounting force

fm = 63 kN...91 kN

Weight

m = 3.9 kg

Creepage distance

dcreep = 49 mm

Air distance

dair = 20 mm

Valve Reactor - Electrical and Mechanical Ratings

Voltage-time area

= 80mVs 10%

Saturated part of main inductance

LH = 0.55 mH 10%

Reactor current

ID max = 1270 A

Current and Voltage Characteristic of the Valve Reactor

Valve Reactor - Dimensional Drawing

Grading Capacitor - Electrical and Mechanical Ratings

Capacity

C = 2.4 F 3%

Nominal voltage

UN = 58 kV

Periodical max. voltage

Umax = 88 kV

Short time max. impulse voltage

Us = 8700 V

Nominal effective current

IN = 1 A

Periodical max. current

Imax = 100 A

Operating frequency

f = 50/60 Hz

Cooling type

self-cooling

Weight

approx. 25 kg

Impregnation

SF6 gas

Grading Capacitor - Dimensional Drawing

Snubber Circuit Resistor

Resistance R

45

Tolerance

3%

Cooling

Water

Snubber Circuit Capacitor

X
View X

Capacitance

1.6 Fd

Tolerance

+/-5%

Insulation

SF6

DC Smoothing Reactors

Smoothing Reactor - Purpose

Connected in series in each converter with each

pole
Decreases harmonic voltages and currents in the
DC line
Smooth the ripple in the DC current and prevents
the current from becoming discontinuous at light
loads
Limits crest current (di/dt) in the rectifier due to a
short circuit on DC line
Limits current in the bypass valve firing due to the
discharge of the shunt capacitances of the dc line

DC Smoothing Reactor ratings

Two Smoothing Reactors per pole
Inductance - 125mH
Nominal DC Voltage 500KV
Max DC Voltage 515KV
BIL 950/1425KV

DC Smoothing Reactor ratings

Continuous current - 2000A

Continuous Over load current - 2200A
Type Air Cored Dry type
Natural Air Cooled reactors
Location : Outdoor
Total mass 30 Ton
Temperature Class - F

HARMONIC FILTERS

Conversion process generates Harmonics

AC side Harmonics- Current harmonics

Generated harmonics (12n 1) harmonics

n = 1,2,3.
Predominant harmonics 11,13,23,25,35,37
Additionally 3rd harmonics

DC side Harmonics- Voltage harmonics

Generated harmonics (12n) harmonics

n = 1,2,3.
Predominant harmonics 12,24,36

Disadvantages of Harmonics
Over

heating and extra losses in generators

Over heating and extra losses in motors
Instability in the converter control
Interference with telecommunication systems
Over voltages due to resonance

AC Filters - Kolar
ITEM

Filter sub bank

DT 12/24

DT 3/36

Shunt C

Rating (3 ph., 400 kV)

MVAr 120

97

138

No.of 3 phase Banks

HV-Capacitor C1

2.374

1.85

2.744

HV-Reactor L1

mH

16.208

5.444

1.602

HV-Resistor R1

ohms

420

300

LV-Capacitor C2

4.503

3.759

LV-Reactor L2

mH

7.751

204.2

LV-Resistor R2

ohms

1500

12/24 Double Tuned Filter 120 MVAr

C1=2.374F

L1=16.208mH

R1=420

C2=4.503 F

L2=7.751mH

11

13

23

Impedance Graph

25

12/24 Double Tuned Filter Sectional view

Capacitor Stack

CT
Resistor
Reactor

Reactor

3/36 Double Tuned Filter 97 MVAr

C1=1.85F

L1=15.444 mH

R1=300

C=23.759F

L2=204.2mH

R2=1500

35

37

Impedance Graph

3/36 Double Tuned Filter Sectional view

Capacitor stack

CT

Resistor

Reactor

Reactor

C=23.759F

Shunt Capacitor 138 MVAr

No harmonic filtering
C1=2.744 F

L1=1.602 mH

Supplies MVAr to the grid

Switched into the circuit for
voltage control purpose
Capacity 138 MVAr

Shunt Capacitors-Voltage Improvement

Ratings of Capacitors C1 & C2 of 12/24 filter

Type

96 TILP

8 TILR

Make

NOKIAN

NOKIAN

Capacitance ( per ph )

2.37 F

4.50 F

Capacitor Bank 1 phase output

67.4 Mvar

0.94 Mvar

Capacitor Bank Voltages

301 kV

25.5 kV

Capacitor bank currents ( 1 ph )

290 A

404 A

System Frequency

50 Hz

50 Hz

No. of units in series (s)

32

No of units in parallel

2+1

Total Units (1 ph )

96

Unit Capacitance

25.3 F

8.99 F

Capacitor Unit rated output

703 Kvar

115 Kvar

Capacitor unit rated voltage

9406 Volts

6380 Volts

Capacitor Unit rated current

74.7 A

18 A

Capacitor Bank Rating

Electrical connections:

Capacitor Units

Ratings of Resistor of 12/24 filter

Type
: EKE/ KLK Resistor DT 12/24 R1
Make
: KLK Electro Materials, Spain
Resistor material
: Stainless Steel Ni-Cr 40
Cooling
: Natural Air
Temperature Coefficient of resistance
: C = 0,00054u / OC
Resistance (at nominal current)
: 420 ohm
MCOV -HV to Ground
: 35 kV
BIL/ SIL
: 325/250 kV
Total Losses
: 678 kW/356 kW
Max. temperature rise for the resistor element: t = 170 C
Inductance
: L < 10320 H
Thermal Time constant
: 400 s
Fundamental frequency
: 50 Hz
Weight
: 450 kg

Ratings of Reactors L1 & L2 of 12/24 filter

Type

Dry, Air core

Dry, Air core

Make

Trench Limited,
Canada

Trench Limited,
Canada

Nominal Inductance

mH

16.208

7.751

Tolerance on Inductance

+/-0.5

+/-1.0

Nominal Frequency

Hz

50

50

Amps
Amps
Amps

180
151.7 ( 11th )
223

180
241.3 ( 11th )
366

Amps

287

408

kV
kV
kV

325/250
325/250
150/150

150/150
150/150
95/95

Continuous Current rating

Fundamental
Major harmonic
Geometric sum of Harmonic
Current
Total Current Stress
BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)
BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

Ratings of Capacitors C1 & C2 of 3/36 filter

Type

90 TILP

4TILR

Make

NOKIAN

NOKIAN

Capacitance (ph)

1.85 F

2.85 F

Capacitor Bank 1 phase output

48.2 Mvar

0.74 Mvar

Capacitor Bank Voltages

288 kV

25 kV

Capacitor bank currents ( 1 ph )

180 A

75 A

System Frequency

50 Hz

50 Hz

No. of units in series (s)

30

No of units in parallel

2+1

Total Units (1 ph )

90

Unit Capacitance

18.5 F

11.4 F

Capacitor Unit rated output

536 KVAr

151 KVAr

Capacitor unit rated voltage

9600 Volts

6500 Volts

Capacitor Unit rated current

55.8 A

23.3 A

Capacitor Bank Rating

Electrical connections:

Capacitor Units

Ratings of Resistor of 3/36 filter

Type
: EKE/ KLK Resistor (DT 3/36 R1 )
Make
: KLK Electro Materials, (Spain)
Resistor material
: Stainless Steel Ni-Cr 40
Cooling
: Natural Air
Temperature Coefficient of resistance
: C = 0,00054u / OC
Resistance (at nominal current)
: 420 ohm
MCOV -HV to Ground
: 35 kV
BIL/ SIL
: 325/250 kV
Total Losses
: 678 kW/356 kW
Max. Temperature rise for the resistor element: t = 170 C
Impulse energy at warm resistor
: 230 kJ
Inductance
: L < 10320 H
Thermal Time constant
: 400 s
Fundamental frequency
: 50 Hz
Weight
: 450 kg

Ratings of Reactors L1 & L2 of 3/36 filter

Type

Dry, Air core

Dry, Air core

Make

Trench Limited,
Canada

Trench Limited,
Canada

Nominal Inductance

mH

5.444

204.2

Tolerance on Inductance

+/-0.5

+/-1.0

Nominal Frequency

Hz

50

50

Amps
Amps
Amps

167
43.2 ( 13th )
66

181
23.3 (13th )
24

Amps

180

183

kV
kV
kV

325/250
325/250
250/250

250/250
250/250
95/95

Continuous Current rating

Fundamental
Major harmonic
Geometric sum of Harmonic
Current
Total Current Stress
BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)
BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

Ratings of Capacitors in Shunt C

Type

96 TILP (138 Mvar)

Make

BHEL

Capacitor Bank Rating

Capacitance ( ph )

2.744 F (+/- 1%)

Capacitor Bank 1 phase output

63.8 Mvar

Capacitor Bank Voltages

272kV

Capacitor bank currents ( 1 ph )

234.4 A

System Frequency

50 Hz

Electrical connections:
No. of units in series (s)

38

No of units in parallel

Total Units (1 ph )

152

Capacitor Units
Unit Capacitance

26.07 F

Capacitor Unit rated output

419.6 Kvar

Capacitor unit rated voltage

7.16 kV

Capacitor Unit rated current

58.6 A

Ratings of Reactors in Shunt C

Type

Dry, Air core

Make

Trench Limited,
Canada

Nominal Inductance

mH

1.602

Tolerance on Inductance

+/-1.5

Nominal Frequency

Hz

50

Continuous Current rating

Fundamental
Major harmonic
Geometric sum of Harmonic Current
Total Current Stress

Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps

232
49.6 13th )
78
245

BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)

BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

kV
kV
kV

325/250
325/250
95/95

DC Filter 12/24 TYPE

C1=1800 nF

L1=14.71 mH

R1=400

C1=5700 nF

L2=8.19 mH

Ratings of Capacitors C1 & C2 of 12/24 filter

Make

ABB

ABB

Nominal Capacitance

nF

1800

5700

Tolerance of Nominal Capacitance

+/- 0.5

+/-1.0

Maximum DC Voltage
kV
Arithmetic sum of Harmonic Voltage kV
Total Voltage Stress
kV

538
59
621

5.3
7.5

Geometric sum of Harmonic Current A

63

70

BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)

BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

1300/1175
1425/1300
450/350

150/150
250/250
150/150

kV
kV
kV

Ratings of Resistors of 12/24 & 12/36 filter

Make

KLK Electro Materials, Spain

Type

KLK DT 12/24

Resistance at nominal current

400

Tolerance %

+/-5

Total losses

kW

160

Rated frequency

Hz

50

BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)

BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

kV
kV
kV

325/250
325/250
95/95

Ratings of Reactors of 12/24 filter

Make

Trench Limited, Canada

Type

Dry, Air core

Dry, Air core

Nominal Inductance

mH

14.71

8.19

Tolerance on Inductance

+/-1

+/-1

Continuous Current rating

DC Current
Major harmonic
Geometric sum of Harmonic
Current
Total Current Stress

Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps

0
43 (12th )
60
60

0
110 (12th )
120
120

BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)

BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

kV
kV
kV

250/250
450/250
250/250

150/150
250/250
150/150

Minimum Creepage Distance

mm

800

400

DC Filter 12/36 TYPE

C1=1800 nF

L1=7.21 mH

R1=400

C1=3300 nF

L2=12.68mH

Ratings of Capacitors C1 & C2 of 12/36 filter

Make

ABB

ABB

Nominal capacitance

nF

1800

3300

Tolerance of Nominal Capacitance

+/- 0.5

+/-1.0

Maximum DC Voltage
Arithmetic sum of Harmonic Voltage
Total Voltage Stress

kV
kV
kV

538
61
624

9.2
13

Geometric sum of Harmonic Current

65

76

BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)

BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

kV
kV
kV

1425/1050
1425/1050
325/250

1425/1050
1425/1050
325/250

Internal

Internal

Type of Fusing

Ratings of Reactors of 12/36 filter

Make

Trench Limited, Canada

Type

Dry, Air core

Dry, Air core

Nominal Inductance

mH

7.21

12.68

Tolerance on Inductance

+/-1

+/-1

Continuous Current rating

DC Current
Major harmonic
Geometric sum of Harmonic Current
Total Current Stress

Amps
Amps
Amps
Amps

0
44 (12th )
65
65

0
116 (12th )
123
123

BIL/ SIL (HV to LV)

BIL/ SIL (HV to Ground)
BIL/ SIL (LV to Ground)

kV
kV
kV

250/250
450/250
250/250

150/150
250/250
150/150

Minimum Creepage Distance

mm

1050

400

DC MEASURING DEVICES

Measurement on DC side for control, monitoring and Protection

AC CTs cannot be used on DC side saturation
DC current measuring devices OPTODYNE

DC shunt low value resistor

mV drop from the shunt will be taken for determining the current
To solve insulation problems electrical signals are converted to optical
at the shunt and at control system converted to electrical
Supply for the conversion process is obtained from the control panels in
the form of optical power

DC voltage divider

Capacitive & resistor divider circuit

Drop across the resistor scaled for determining the voltage
Optical conversion process is same as the current measuring device
Details follows

DC Current Measuring Device (OPTODYN) Lay out at HVDC Kolar

6
UdL

6
IdH

4
IdL

Line 1

Pole1
4
UdN
2
IdN

4
IdE

IdN

IdE

8
Idee1
Idee2
UdN
4

Idee3
8

8
Current Measuring Devices
11Nos
(4 HV+7 LV)
Voltage Dividers
04 Nos
( 2 HV+2 LV)

Pole2

IdH
6

Electrode
lines

Line 2

IdL
UdL
6

Example for the Use of the Hybrid Optical

Sensor
Ir o n C o r e In d u c tiv e C T

OPTODYN

Shunt

R o g o w s k i A ir C o r e C T

H V /E H V - L in e

TM

G ro u n d L e v e l

C a p a c itiv e
R e s is ta n c e
In d u c t iv e V o lta g e
V o lta g e D iv id e r V o lta g e D iv id e r
T ra n s fo rm e r

Functional Concept
Shunt
Analog/ Digital

Optical
Digital/ Optical

Id

Electrical Energy

Signal fibre

Power fibre

Optical Energy

Digital

Optical Energy
Electrical Energy
Control/ Protection system at ground level

Sensor Head at high voltage level

Fibre optical cable

Digital control/
protection system
SIMADYN D

Power supply

Power Supply of Sensor Head

I s o la t io n o f S y n c h r o n is in g s ig n a l f r o m
p o w e r s u p p ly v o lta g e le v e l ( c a r r ie r )

LO W PO W ER
E le c t r o n i c s a t t h e
Sensor

P o w e r S u p p ly O u tp u t
f o r P r e c o n d itio n in g a n d
T r a n s m it te r E le c t r o n ic s

V o lt a g e
R e g u la t o r

P h o t o c e ll- A r r a y
(P o w e r
C o n v e rte r)

O p tic a l F ib e r

LASER

L A S E R D r iv e r

D io d e A r r a y

a n d P r o te c tio n

5 V D C c a . 2 5 W fo r
u p to 9 c h a n n e ls f r o m
S IM A D Y N D
S y s te m P o w e r S u p p ly

O p t ic a l In t e r f a c e , O p t ic a l P o w e r - M o d u le ( a s p a r t o f t h e O p t ic a l I n t e r f a c e C a r d )

Optical Data Transfer

BURDENR E S IS T O R
( a t C T o n ly )

Fast
T r a n s ie n ts +
R F I- P r o t.

BUFFER

A N T IA L IA S IN G
F IL T E R

1 2 B it
A /D C o n v e rte r

O p t ic a l F ib e r

O P T IC A L R E C E IV E R

O p tic a l In te r fa c e

BUFFER

D ig it a l D a ta f o r p r o c e s s in g in C o n tr o l a n d
P r o t e c t io n S y s t e m s

O P T IC A L TRANSM IT T E R

Components
1

1 Ohmic Shunt at High DC Voltage Level

for Direct Current Measuring

11
6

2 Voltage to Light Telegram Conversion

3 Fibre Optic Transmission to Ground Level
4 Composite Insulator

10 5 Control or Protection System

6 Light Pulses for Power Supply
4

7 Power Supply for Sensor Head

8 Rogowski Coil for Harmonic Current Measuring
9 Control of Active DC Filter

10 Hybrid Direct Current Measuring System with

Fibre Optic Transmission
11 Sensor Head

Current measuring device components

Redundancy Concept
complete redundancy from sensor head via FO cable to control/ protection equipment
only one Analog/ Digital conversion per signal path
direct digital signal processing

Shunt

Sensor Head

Pole control System 1

Sensor Head

Pole control System 2

Sensor Head

Protection System 1

Sensor Head

Protection System 2

Id

high voltage level; switchyard

common composite insulator

and fibre optic cable

ground level; control building

DC Measuring Scheme: Conventional

DC Transducer
C o n v e n t io n a l D C M e a s u r in g S c h e m e : T o t a l A c c u r a c y < + - 0 , 8 %

ty p ic a l + - 0 ,1 %

ty p ic a l + - 0 , 2 %

C o n v e n tio n a l D C T r a n s d u c e r : A c c u r a c y < + - 0 ,5 %

D ig ita l C o n tr o l S y s t e m
0

D ig ita l S ig n a l
S ig n a l

Is o la tio n

A m p lifie r

A m p lif ie r

P ro c e s s o r

0
to re d u n d a n t c o n tro l s y s te m o r
Is o la tio n
A m p lif ie r

p ro te c tio n s y s te m

DC Measuring Scheme: HybridOptical DC Measuring System

H y b r id - O p t ic a l D C M e a s u r in g S y s t e m : T o t a l A c c u r a c y < + - 0 , 7 5 %

C u rre n t S e n s o r:
ty p ic a l + - 0 ,2 %

t y p ic a l + - 0 , 5 %

0 ,0 %

O PTO DYN

D ig ita l C o n tr o l S y s te m

E le c t r o n ic S e n s o r H e a d
0

D ig it a l S ig n a l
P ro c e s s o r

Comparision to
Conventional Solution
Comparison between Hybrid-Optical
Conventional DC Measuring System
The weight of the new measuring device
is

reduced from 4,000 kg to 100 kg

No additional Post Insulators
No electromagnetic interference (EMI)
due to fibre optic links
Full redundancy up to the measuring
location
Excellent dynamic performance

Picture 2

Hybrid-Optical
Measuring Device

Measuring Shunt

Sensor Head Box

Composite Insulator
incl. Fiber Optics

Connection Box

Sensor Head Box with Sensors

Assembly of Shunt

OPTODYN

Sensor

Analoge Input
Signal from Shunt

Optical Data Link

Optical Power Supply Link

Summary
Measures DC current quantities up to the range of 18,000 A
High voltage insulation level up to 500 kV rated DC voltage
Current measuring by a high precision shunt
Light construction
High insulation capability also under extreme environmental conditions
Less pollution due to less electrostatic potential of silicon surface
Hydrophobic silicon material reduces risk of leakage currents
No electromagnetic interference by use of fibre optic cables

Summary
Optical powered electronics at high voltage level
Optical signal transmission
Optical receivers directly placed in the control or protection system
Separate channels for control and protection including their redundant
subsystems
Excellent dynamic Performance
Bandwidth 0 - 7 kHz (depending on application)
Overall system accuracy 0.75 %
Signal delay 160 s
Temperature operating range -40 C to +50 C

DC Voltage Measurement

DC Voltage Measurement

System Description

The Valve Cooling System is a single closed loop

deionised water system. Heat transfer to the ambient is
provided by dry coolers. The Valve Cooling System is for one
pole and works independent of other cooling and air
conditioning systems.

Spray water will be used if the water temperature rises

above controller set point value.

Design Basis
Kolar Station

Talcher Station

Maximum Dry Bulb One Hour Average

450C

500C

Minimum Dry Bulb One Hour Average

20C

00C

Total Cooling Capacity

4340kW

4053kW

Water flow

4140 ltr./min

4350 ltr./min

Water Inlet Temperature MAX

500C

500C

Water Outlet Temperature Average

620C

620C

Water Conductivity

<0.5S/cm

<0.5S/cm

Redundant Circulating Pumps

One of two

One of two

Spray Water Storage for

24hrs

24hrs

Flow Diagram

VALVE COOLING MAIN PUMP

Two centrifugal circulating

pumps
One pump - operating
Other pump - standby
Periodical automatic pump
changeover.
Changeover to the stand by
pump takes place in case of
failure of the operating
pump
Capacity of

Motor 45KW
Pump 265Cu.m/Hr

VALVE COOLING - MAIN FILTER

In the main water line

to the thyristor valves
locates a 50 micron
filter
The filter is used for
start up and cleaning
and later on for safety,
that no particle greater
than 50 micron can
enter the thyristor
valves

VALVE COOLING - MAIN FILTER

Main filter consists of

group of filter
cartridges as shown in
the figure
If the filter gets
chocked for any
reason, differential
pressure will be sensed
and this warns for
maintenance

VALVE COOLING MAKE UP WATER TANK

A storage tank with a

pressure pump is placed on
the pump skid for the first
filling with deionised water
and for compensation of
evaporated water during
operation
The make up water system
works automatically and
keep the expansion tank
water level constant
The make up water flows
from the storage tank
through a 50 m filter, then
the make up water pass the
ion exchanger and flows
finally into the main water
circuit

VALVE COOLING ION EXCHANGERS

Two ion exchanger

chambers are installed on
the pump skid
The ion exchanger is
hydraulically switched in
bypass to the main water
line
A mixture of 50% anion and
50% cation (H+/OH-) is
used for the resin
Water flows from top to the
bottom through the ion
exchanger

VALVE COOLING SYSTEM COOLING TOWERS

Six cooling towers are installed

to cool down the fine hot water
coming out from the valves
One tower consist of two cooling
coils with stainless steel tubes
and seawater resistance
aluminium fins.
Two axial type fans are mounted
on the top flow. The fans work
on the suction side in parallel to
the cooling coil surface without
baffle sheets.
Because there is no baffle sheet,
the working fan will cover the
whole cooling coil surface,
therefore the lost cooling
capacity will be less then 50% of
the tower.

Each

fan is provided
with Variable frequency
Drive (VFD). This
regulates the speed of the
fan depending on the
water temperature
If one fan fails, the
speed of the remaining
fans will be increased
automatically.

A spray water distribution pipe

with nozzles locates on the top
of each cooling coil
Water will be sprayed over the
coil if the water inlet
temperature exceeds specified
limit

Water Treatment plant

To avoid scaling on the cooling coil fins, the spraying

water will be treated by a reverse osmosis* unit.
The incoming water from the station supply will be
filtered, softened by the reverse osmosis unit and
stored in the spray water storage tank.
The same water is used to make up the loss in the
main water circuit
High pressure pumps each of 100% capacity are
used for the spray water lines.
*slow change in concentration: the flow of a solvent
by diffusion through a semi permeable membrane
from a more concentrated solution to a less
concentrated one, until the concentrations are
equalized. It is a major factor in regulating the
movement of water into and out of tissues in living
organisms.

VALVE COOLING SYSTEM-CONTROL

Controlled by two redundant SIMATIC

S95U programmable controller.
The PLC working independent of each
other.
The PLC generates the necessary status,
alarm and trip signals for the station control.
The inlet water temperature to the Thyristor
valve modules is maintained at constant
value for every load and ambient conditions.
A digital process controller SIPART DR22 is
used for the temperature control
The controller output signal is used for the
set point of the cooling fan speed.
Start and stop signal for the fans is given by
the PLC.
80 KVA UPS is provided as backup power
supply. Since the outage of main pump
generates immediate trip to the pole.

Expansion Tank

The expansion tank is place on the highest point of the cooling system.
The tank size is big enough to store the expanded fine water volume.
The expansion tank is an open type expansion tank, the construction of
the tank allows the air to come in contact with the water, but dust can
not enter the tank.
Thyristor valve manufacturer requires a oxygen saturated water,
therefore the need of an open system.
The tank is connected to the suction side of the main water line, the
connection to the discharge main water line will be used for circulation
and for venting.

Valve Hall Ventilation system Flow Diagram

AIR INLET 5m ABOVE GROUND LEVEL

Valve Hall Ventilation system

Consists of the primary circuit (Air Ventilation Circuit) and Control System
Open loop system supply air will taken in and left out through the exhaust
dampers
One ventilation system is in operation while the other one is in stand by mode.
The outdoor air will be entering the unit by a concrete block duct in a level of 5
m to avoid the dust concentration at the floor level.
The supply air will filtered in two stages pre filter and fine filter
The supply air will be distributed into the valve hall by high speed air nozzles.
The exhaust air flows via dampers and weather guard louvers into the
atmosphere.
A bypass damper and a heater enables the circulation of air from the valve hall
back to the unit in case of no load or during start up.
Through out the process, positive pressure will be maintained in the valve hall
to prevent dust to enter the valve hall.
Positive pressure is maintained with the automatic control of exhaust dampers

Valve Hall Ventilation system-components

One single ventilation unit consist of

One axial type fan speed regulated

One electrical heater

One air filter bag type as a pre filter

One air filter bag type as a high efficiency filter

One Supply air damper with DC drive

One Return air damper with DC drive

One Bypass or re-circulating damper with DC drive

The two exhaust dampers with DC drives combined with a weather guard
louver, as well as the air inlet weather guard louver working together with
the two ventilation units. In case of failure of the operating unit, a
switchover to the stand by unit takes place.

A periodically automatic switchover is also provided by a programmable

timer. The timer can operate in automatic or manual mode.

Ventilation system - Control

The ventilation system will be controlled by two SIMATIC S95U

programmable controller.
The PLCs are working independent from each other; a switch
off of one PLC for repair, replacement or service will not disturb
the ventilation system operation.
The input signals from the single sensor will be wired parallel on
the two PLC.
The output signal from the PLC working on the same relay
coupled by a diode.
The PLC generates also the necessary status, alarm and trip
signals for the station control.

KOLAR SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

AC PLC (Noise) Filter

AC PLC FILTER
Equipment Designation

Kolar

Talcher

=20C08.C C1/TD, C2/TD =10C03.C C1/TD, C2/TD

=20C10.C C1/TD, C2/TD =10C05.C C1/TD, C2/TD

Number of single phase units

Rated Capacitance

40 nF

80 nF

Nominal voltage

400 kV

400 kV

Short -time current (1s)

40 kA

40 kA

Basic Insulation level (BIL)

1425 kV

1425 kV

Switching Insulation level (SIL)

1050 kV

1050 kV

10500 mm

10500 mm

Min creepage distance

VALVE TIMING PT
Inductive Voltage Transformer - Connected to converter
transformer 400 KV side
Pole control gets the zero crossings of the Voltage on line side
and uses this as the reference for generating firing signals for
the valves
This PT is used only for firing signal generation not used for
nay protection task

VALVE TIMING PT

It is inductive voltage
transformer
Oil filled Oil type Shell
Diala D
Make Trench.
Primary/secondary
voltage ratio 4003/110
3

VESDA SYSTEM

VESDA VERY EARLY SMOKE DETECTION & ANALYSER

SYSTEM

Air sampling based detection system for early detection of incipient

smoke / fire in Valve Hall.
Installed in each Valve Hall.
Sufficient points are well distributed over each multiple valve
structure & inside the ventilation air duct for faster response of
hazard.
The VESDA detectors are located such that there is no
condensation due to temperature differences between the sampled
air & the outside temperature.
Air is sampled by PVC (red) pipes - no risk of flashover or corona
inside the valve hall.
The detection system has VESDA laser scanner & laser compact.
This gets the signal from the sampling pipes which are of PVC
make & are supported at regular interval of 1.5 m. For more
sensitivity & easy detection,the sampling area is divided into 4
zones.The detector has 4 alarms namely .
Alert
Action / Prealarm
Fire 1
Fire 2

VLC VESDA LASER COMPACT

VLS VESDA LASER SCANNER

VESDA - LAYOUT
PVC conduit

Vent diameter 4 mm

End cap 4 mm
VALVE - HALL
VESDA laser compact

VESDA - LAYOUT

AIR SAMPLING PVC

VLC

Each detector has separate settings of alarm Level

DETECTOR

ALERT

ACTION

FIRE 1

FIRE 2

SCANNER

0.075 %

0.13 %

0.19 %

0.25 %

COMPACT

0.15 %

0.3 %

-----

0.5 %

0.075 %

0.16 %

-----

0.25 %

[ SUPPLY AIR ]

COMPACT
[ RETURN AIR ]

NOTE : All values have the unit obscuration / m or Ob / m

In the event of detection of smoke in valve hall

Ventilation system shall be tripped

automatically.
The exhaust dampers shall be opened.
The valve-hall shall be de-energized.
The smoke management system shall indicate
smoke evacuation mode.
The audible fire alarm system in the station
shall also be activated.

VESDA LASER SCANNER - SPECIFICATIONS

Voltage 18 to 30 V DC.
Power 5.8 to 9.6 W.
Current 240 to 400 mA.
Sensitivity 0.005 to 20 % Ob/m
Operating temperature

Detector ambient : 0 to 39oC

Sampled air : 20 to 60oC
Humidity : 10-95%RH.

Maximum area of coverage 2000 m2.

Up to 18000 events can be stored on a FIFO basis.
Four levels of fault warning Alert,Action,Fire1,Fire2.
Relays 12 relays rated at 2A @ 30 V DC.

VESDA LASER SCANNER - SPECIFICATIONS

Voltage 18 to 30 V DC
Power 4 W
Current 170 mA
Sensitivity 0.005 to 20 % Ob/m
Operating temperature

Detector ambient : 0 to 39oC

Sampled air : 20 to 60oC

Maximum area of coverage 500 m2

Up to 12000 events can be stored on a FIFO basis
Smoke level, alarms & faults with time & date stamp
Relays 3 relays 2A @ 30 V DC

ELECTRODE STATION

Converter requires reference ground for insulation coordination, control &

protection
DC currents cause corrosion in metallic structures, hence generally the
grounding is done at a safe distance away from HVDC stations (30 to 35
Km)
Reliability of HVDC System

Eliminates the requirement of a separate line as return path

When one line is faulty then by using earth as return path 50% of rated Bipole
power can be transmitted.
When one pole trips other pole continues in ground return with over load
capacity of that pole thus providing transient stabilty / sudden loss of power
During balance bipolar operation no current flows through the ground however it
provides a return path

Located at Sidalagatta about 32 km from Kolar Station.

Similar station exits at Talcher.

Electrode station - Layout

EARTH ELECTRODE

Conductor type ACSR Bersimis

Double bundle - 2 x 725.2 Sq.mm
Length 32 Kms
DC resistance at 20C (0.0421 / 2 ) ohms / km
Electrode resistance < 0.3 ohms
Electrode Double ring of diameter 450/320m
Each ring consist of a buried coke bed at approx. 2.5 m depth.
The outer ring is divided into six sections and the inner ring into two
sections
Current is distributed by an overhead system to the feeding cables of
each electrode section. The cables are connected to the buried
electrode.
The electrodes are equipped with detecting wells for monitoring the
temperature and humidity development of the soil

PLCC SCHEMATIC
Pole 1 DC Line

PLCC
PANELS

PLCC
PANELS

PLCC PANELS

BT
PLCC
PANELS

BT

BT
BT
PLCC
PANELS

PLCC PANELS

Pole 2 DC Line
KOLAR

BT= BALANCING TRANSFORMER

REPEATER

TALCHER

REPEATER STATION
Repeater station is required due to the long distance of the line - 1400Km
(approx.)
Located at Jungareddygudem (Rajahmundry) almost at a distance of 630
km from Kolar
Conventional AC stations dont require repeater station in between the
line
Modulated signals consisting of Data, protection and speech are sent to
repeater station from one end over the DC lines
Signals are demodulated, amplified and again modulated and sent to the
other end from repeater station thus working as a signal amplifier
ABB PLCC panels ETL 580 model are used which works on advanced
DSP technology

REPEATER STATIONOther Equipment

PLCC signals are injected to the line through the PLC
coupling capacitors
For maintenance works on the PLC equipment, earth switches
are provided
PLCC panels requires 48V DC supply - provided from
batteries
Auxiliary supply is be provided from local SEB supply
DG set is provided as backup to the SEB supply