Metabolisme Senyawa N

Protein Metabolism
04/18/15
Biokimia Dasar
Lab. Biokimia Nutrisi
Protein DIGESTION & ABSORPTION
Proteolysis (lysis of proteins) catalyzed by

proteases
Proteases cleave peptide bonds to
release free amino acids or smaller
peptide fragments
Endopeptidases cleave internal peptide
bonds
Exopeptidases cleave terminal peptide
bonds
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Biokimia Dasar
Protein DIGESTION & ABSORPTION
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Biokimia Dasar
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Biokimia Dasar
Activation of protein digestion enzymes

Pepsinogen
Pepsin
HCl
Gastric Juice
Trypsinogen
enterokinase/
tripsin
Chymotrypsinogen
Trypsin
Trypsis
Procarboxypeptidase A & B
carboxypeptidase A & B
Chymotrypsin
Trypsis
Pancreatic Juice
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Biokimia Dasar
Specificity of protein digestion enzyme

Enzyme
Type
Pepsin
endopeptidase Aromatic or leucine
Trypsine
Endopeptidase Lysine or arginine
Chymotripsin
Endopeptidase aromatic
Carboxypeptidase A
exopeptidase
C-teriminal aromatic or neutral
Carboxypeptidase B
exopeptidase
C-terminal arginin or lysine
Leucine
aminopeptidase
exopeptidase
N-terminal leucine or neutral
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Specificity
Biokimia Dasar
Protein Digestion & Absorption
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Biokimia Dasar
04/18/15
Biokimia Dasar
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Biokimia Dasar
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

OF BODY PROTEINS
Tissue protein are constantly being broken
down and resynthesized.
The "nitrogen or amino acid pool" is a grand
mixture of amino acids available in the cell
derived from dietary sources or the
degradation of protein.
Since proteins and amino acids are not
stored in the body, there is a constant
turnover of protein.
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Some protein is constantly being

synthesized while other protein is
being degraded.
Each day, some of the amino acids are
catabolized producing energy and
ammonia. The ammonia is converted to
urea and excreted from the body and
represents a drain on the nitrogen pool.
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DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

OF BODY PROTEINS
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AMINO ACID METABOLISM
Purposes of amino acid degradation

supply energy
supply intermediates for synthesis of other
compounds
remove harmful excess of certain amino
acids
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Most amino acids are first stripped of their

amino group by two steps
1. transamination via Glu transaminase
transfers amino group to alphaketoglutarate (from TCA cycle) and forms
Glu
2. oxidative deamination via Glu
dehydrogenase; requires NAD+ co-factor
to oxidize the a carbon of the amino acid to
reform a-ketoglutarate; also releases
ammonium ion (NH4+); alpha-ketoglutarate
returns to the TCA cycle
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Transamination
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Glutamate
Dehyrogenase
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Deamination
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Other amino acid metabolism

3. Serine dehydratase
Non oxidative deamination of L-serine
4. Decarboxylations
Particularly decarboxylation of d-amino acid to
remove potential toxic of d-amino acid
5. Glutaminase and asparaginase

Much glutamic acid and aspartic acid in tissues
is found not as the free acid but in corespond
amide (asparagine and glutamine)
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Serine Dehydratase
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Decarboxylation
of Glutamic acid
-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID
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Amino Acid Oxidases
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The glutaminase reaction proceeds essentially irreversibly in the

direction of glutamate and NH4+ formation.
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Nitrogen Excretion
The body removes nitrogen waste in a
variety of forms.
NH4+ must be converted to other products
for excretion
Ammonia (NH3) in microorganisms, simple
aquatic and marine animals, fish
Uric acid in birds and land reptiles, in
primates comes from purine catabolism,
though
Urea via urea cycle
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UREA CYCLE
Argininosuccinase
Arginase
(key enzyme)
Argininosuccinate
synthetase
Ornithine
transcarbamylase
Carbamyl phosphate
synthetase
+ 2 ATP
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The relationship of urea cycle to TCA
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The relationship of urea cycle to TCA
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ENERGY UTILIZATION FROM AMINO ACIDS
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Abnormalities of Amino Acid Metabolism
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35
PURINE CATABOLISM
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PYRIMIDINE CATABOLISM
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37
See You
..
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38

Metabolisme Senyawa N

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Protein Metabolism

Protein DIGESTION & ABSORPTION

Proteolysis (lysis of proteins) catalyzed by

Protein DIGESTION & ABSORPTION

Activation of protein digestion enzymes

Specificity of protein digestion enzyme

endopeptidase Aromatic or leucine

Endopeptidase Lysine or arginine

C-teriminal aromatic or neutral

C-terminal arginin or lysine

N-terminal leucine or neutral

Protein Digestion & Absorption

DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

Some protein is constantly being

DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM THEORY

AMINO ACID METABOLISM

Purposes of amino acid degradation

Most amino acids are first stripped of their

Other amino acid metabolism

5. Glutaminase and asparaginase

-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID

Amino Acid Oxidases

The glutaminase reaction proceeds essentially irreversibly in the

The relationship of urea cycle to TCA

The relationship of urea cycle to TCA

ENERGY UTILIZATION FROM AMINO ACIDS

Abnormalities of Amino Acid Metabolism

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