Design and Implementation of

technique of maximum power

utilization of Solar Panel
- G SASHANK
(09E51A0210)
- K VENKATA SATYANARAYANA (09E51A0216)
- B PRASHANTH
(09E51A0233)
- B HEMANT
(09E55A0201)
Internal Guidance : Ms. Kalavani

Introduction
The solar position control system is a
most advanced embedded based project.
Nowadays we are observing much increase
in the power tariff and due to this increase,
a common man is unable to bear such rates.
This project titled as Design and
Implementation of technique of
maximum power utilization of Solar
Panel to develop a system through which
we can save the power.

 Normally we glance in shopping malls,

theaters and House appliances and
conference halls and at any other places
they are using the source like generators
along with the main power supply as a
backup, but they are expensive.

Thats why by using the solar power we

can generate power economically and this
is a natural power so there is no reduction
in the source of power production and also
no power wastage in this system.

 In normal solar panel we can get the

power only in one direction, so we are
unable to fully utilize the natural resource
with this system.
Thats why a
system is being developing through our
project which we can get the power in all
directions on rotating the panel according
to the sun position.
Through this system we can increase the
output power than normal system.

 For this one stepper motor is connected to

solar panel. Sun light absorbers (LDRs)
are connected in the
circuit according
to
change in position of the sun.

When corresponding LDRs observe

the sunlight. The output of
LDR is in analog form.
Microcontroller accepts only
digital form.

 In this we are interfacing another A/D

Converter device to convert the generated
analog signal to digital form and to send it
to microcontroller.
Finally all LDRs value is compare and
selects the LDR of giving more brightness
and stepper motor will turn on and moves
the solar panel to the position of the
corresponding LDR.
By this process we can get
the more power.

Basic components :
Microcontroller
A/D Converters
Many other peripherals like LED, LDRs, relays.

Microcontroller
Basically we use 8051 microcontroller.
The 8051 transfers & receives data
serially at many different baud rates
by using UART.
It works on 5V dc supply.

Amicrocontroller(sometimes
abbreviatedC,uCorMCU) is a small computer on a
singleintegrated circuitcontaining a processor core
memory, and programmable
input/outputperipherals.

Microcontrollers are designed for embedded

applications, in contrast to themicroprocessorsused
inpersonal computersor other general purpose
applications.

By reducing the size and cost compared to a design that

uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and
input/output devices, microcontrollers make it
economical to digitally control even more devices and
processes.

Microcontrollers usually contain from several to

dozens of general purpose input/output pins (GPIO).
GPIO pins are software configurable to
either an input or an output state. When GPIO pins
are configured to an input state, they are often
used to read sensors or external signals.

Configured to the output state, GPIO pins can drive

external devices such as LEDs or motors.
Microcontrollers were originally programmed only
inassembly language, but varioushigh-level
programming languagesare now also in common
use to target microcontrollers.

A/D Converter
We use AD 0804 for the conversion of analog to
digital.

The ADC0804 are CMOS 8-bit successive

approximation A/D converters that use a differential
potentiometric ladder.

The ADC0804 are designed to allow operation with TRISTATE output latches directly driving the data bus. The
ADC0804 appear like memory locations or I/O ports to
the microprocessor and no interfacing logic is needed.

ADC0804 Features
Compatible with 8080 P derivatives-no interfacing
logic needed - access time - 135 ns.
Easy interface to all microprocessors, or operates
"stand alone"

 Differential analog voltage inputs

Logic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL
voltage level specifications
Works with 2.5V (LM336) voltage reference
On-chip clock generator
0V to 5V analog input voltage range with single
5V supply
No zero adjust required
0.3[Prime] standard width 20-pin DIP package
20-pin molded chip carrier or small outline
package
Operates ratio metrically or with 5 VDC, 2.5 VDC, or
analog span adjusted voltage reference

Block diagram of regulated power supply

o Basically we use serial communication for the data

transfer and hence use RS-232 cabling .
o LDRs for the rotation of the stepper motor along the
direction of the sun.
o Many other pheripherals.

Advantages :

It is economical and natural power, no power wastage

in this system.

Solar energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas ,oil and

coal )and sustainable, helping to protect our
environment.
It does not pollute our air and hence does not contribute
to global warming, acid rain or smog. It actively
contributes to the decrease of harmful green house gas.
By not using any fuel, solar energy does not contribute
to the cost and problems of the recovery and
transportation of fuel or the storage of radioactive waste