CCTV Digital Basics

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such
as copying and passing on to third parties.

U1 -

CCTV Digital Basics

Unit 1 Defining Digital

Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such
as copying and passing on to third parties.

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Objectives
After completing this unit, you will be able to:
Describe the components of digital imagery
Describe two factors that can impact pixel resolution
Define a bit and how it is used in digital video
Define a byte and how it is used in digital video
Identify the differences between digital and analog
signals.
Describe at least three advantages of digital vs.
analog related to CCTV

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Advantages of a digital network system

Scalability Easily scaled from one to thousands of camera in any

increment is possible. Can do any frame rate from any camera at any
time.

Cost efficient infrastructure Ability to use existing wired networks

or wireless transmission. Opens new areas of access and cost
savings for installation.

Remote access & control Any video source can be accessed and
controlled remotely from anywhere in the world over wire/wireless
networks. Intelligence of the camera functions can be established at
the camera location (motion detection, event handling, output type,
time/date, etc.).

Lower cost An IP CCTV system can easily leverage from existing

network systems, business support resources, and storage
capabilities.

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Analog vs. Digital

Digital Hybrid CCTV Systems
Advantages
Clear, precise and discrete signal
values, which allows for customized
image quality options
Ability to manipulate and compress
the signal data for duplication,
transmission and storage flexibility
The ability to send signals through
non-dedicated transmission media
Flexibility in the storage, file transfer,
copying and archiving
Simultaneous record and playback
Fast and detailed search capabilities
Non-degradation of recorded video
with use/playback
Digital recording can incorporate
encryption
Low maintenance on digital record
components

Disadvantages
Video signal conversion required:
analog-digital-analog
Digital components typically more
expensive than analog
System still requires some dedicated
transmission path
Transmission distance limitations
Video storage limited by hard drive
space
System expansion my be limited by
dependent components (i.e. need to
buy more switchers)
More users on system may slow IPS
speed.
May not be real time video

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Analog vs. Digital

Analog CCTV Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages
Uses traditional video cameras,
Requires dedicated
transmission methods, and VCR
transmission path
Transmission distance
recording
Relatively inexpensive to build a
limitations
Time consuming video searches
system
Simple and familiar to use
System expansion my be limited
Modular configuration to
by dependent components
Video tape and recordings wear
add/replace components
Provides real time, full video
out/degrade with use
Higher maintenance of VCR
resolution
Bulky storage requirements of
tapes
Inflexibility in use of recorded
video

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Analog vs. Digital

100% Digital CCTV Systems
Advantages
Digital signal throughout system,
and all the benefits of a digital
signal
No dedicated cabling required,
uses existing computer networks
Easily scalable system
Non-centralized control centers
Virtual hard disk possible
System redundancy network
provides

Disadvantages
Network congestion and
bandwidth limitations
Expense of components (may be
offset by savings in cabling)
Same security concerns as any
computer network system
Competing proprietary standards

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

What is Digital?
DIGITAL
Information represented in discrete or specific values
ON or OFF states
Binary Code is digital values of either 1 or 0
Bit smallest form of digital information a single place
value made up of a 1 or 0 (on or off)
ANALOG
Information represented as continuous or proportional values
Subtle variations can be within the information
Ability to produce great amount of detail (wanted or unwanted)
Susceptible to unwanted variations

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Analog vs. Digital Wave

Analog
Signal

Digital
Signal

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Analog to Digital Conversion

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Pixel Information

Pixel Size defines image resolution

Pixel Bit Depth defines brightness or chroma (color) resolution

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8
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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Bit Depth

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Digital Primary Colors

32

5 Bit

Red
X

32

5 Bit

32

5 Bit

15 Bit
Color

Green

Blue

= 32,768 colors
(10111 / 10011 / 01010)

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Bits

BITS Smallest form of digital data, represented by 1 or 0

values (ON or OFF)
Data transmission is usually in Bits = bits per second (bps)
Modems: 28.8 Kbps, 33.6 Kbps, 56 Kbps
LAN networks: 10 Mbits/sec., 100 Mbits/sec., 1 Gbits/sec.

0 (on)
0 (on)
1 (off)
0 (on)
1 (off)
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Bit values
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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Bytes

BYTES A grouping of bits to make a total value that

could represent a number, word, calculation or a color
Transmitting Bytes = Bytes per second (Bps)
File sizes & storage media expressed in Bytes
Files: 15 KB, 12 MB
Hard drive: 40 GB.

Byte Value
Grey
10100

0 (on)
0 (on)
1 (off)
Bits
0 (on)
1 (off)

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

File sizes

For each video frame captured, a video file is created. That file size is
dependent upon the following:
Total number of pixels on CCD based upon its dimension (ie. 768
x 492 = 377856 pixels)
Pixel Bit Depth as determined by the Digital Signal Processor (i.e.
8 bit)

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

File sizes & video

Images per Second (ips)

Video captures a certain number of individual files or
images every second
This rate of image capture has a big impact on the data
volume to be transmitted and stored.

2 ips

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Answer the review questions

for Unit 1

Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such
as copying and passing on to third parties.

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Unit 1 Defining Digital

Robert Bosch GmbH reserves all rights even in the event of industrial property rights. We reserve all rights of disposal such
as copying and passing on to third parties.

U1 -