ABAP Overview

R/3 Structure

page 2

Land Scape System

1. Single Land scape
- All 3 layers integrated

2. Two Land scape

- Database and Application layers are integrated.

3. Three Land scape

- All 3 layers are separated

page 3

Varieties
R/2 is mainframe system
R/3 is client server system
R/3 may be two or three tiered client server

3 tier is recommended

page 4

R/3 Architecture

R/3 Applications
BASIS
R/3 Middleware
Systems Software
Hardware
page 5

HR

Internet

FI

SAP Architecture

Database Server

Application Servers

Presentation Servers
page 6

System Platforms

UNIX BOXES

DEC ALPHA

UNIX:
Most Variants
ADABAS,
DB2 for AIX
Informix

INTEL

Windows NT

ORACLE

MS SQL
Server

Win 3.1, Win 95, Win NT, OSF Motif,

Presentation Manager, MacIntosh

ABAP/4, C, C++

IBM AS 400

OS400

DB2/400
Win 95
OS/2

Hardware

Operating
Systems
Databases

Dialog
SAPGUI
Languages
page 7

What is 3-Tiered?

3 Functional Areas

Presentation
workstations

Application Logic
small boxes

Data Management
large box

page 8

Varieties of Client Server

Name
Centralised
System

Presentation Application

Database

Mainframe with terminals

2 Tier System
Mainframe with intelligent terminals
3 Tier System
PC or NC

High End
Workstation Mainframe or Mini

NOTE: a truly distributed system may distribute

the database; the processing of an application or processing
of presentation calculations

page 9

R/3 Middleware:
Interfaces to Systems Software

Presentation
Database

DB
Interface

R/3

Pres
Interface

OS Interface

Operating
System
page
10

R/3 Middleware
Client server
Uses underlying relational databases

ORACLE
SQL Server
Ingress
Sybase

Its Graphical User Interface

SAP GUI

page
11

BASIS Components
ABAP Workbench

R/3 Application Components

(Logistics, Accounting, HR etc.)

BASIS Layer
Database Layer
Operating System / Hardware
page
12

Application Layer
Dispatcher
R/3

Work Processes

Dialog

Update

Enqueue

Batch (Background)

Message

Gateway

Spool
page
13

Database Layer
Consists
Every

of a relational database (Oracle, Informix, DB2 etc.)

work process makes a connect to the database

Communication

between Application Layer and Database Layer

is on Open SQL
Table

Types in the SAP

Transparent Tables (1:1) relation with the RDBMS Data

Dictionary

Table Pools

Table Clusters

page
14

SAP Instance
Every

SAP installation must have a Central Instance

There

can be multiple dialog instances (application

servers) but never more than one central instance in a

R/3 system
An

R/3 system can have only a single database which

belongs to that system.

page
15

Summary

SAP R/3 is
Client Server
3 Tier

Presentation
Application
Database

Relatively hardware and

database independent

SAP R/3 offers

comprehensive suite of
integrated applications
meeting the needs of most
business
best practice process
design
ability to configure to

industry sector
unique business

requirements

page
16

What is ABAP ?

ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application

Programming and is the proprietary language /
environment of SAP
SAPs standard business content is developed
using the ABAP workbench

page
17

ABAP/4

Advanced Business Application Programming - 4 th generation

Language.

ABAP/4 is the backbone of SAP R/3.

All the R/3 applications and parts of Basis system were developed
in ABAP/4.

page
18

ABAP Cycle
ABAP/4 Dictionary
SE11
Transport Organizer
SE10

Transactions
SE93

Object Browser
SE80

ABAP/4 Editor
SE38

ABAP/4

Function Library
SE37

Menu Painter
SE41
Screen Painter
SE51

page
19

When you login to a SAP server

the following screen appears

page
20

Enter the user name & password

page
21

Data Dictionary

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

TABLES
DOMAINS
DATA ELEMENTS
VIEWS
DATA TYPES
STRUCTURES
SEARCH HELP
LOCK OBJECTS

page
22

Types of Programs

Report

programs
- Basic List
- Interactive List
- ALV
SAPScripts
Smartforms
Dialog Programming
User Exists

page
23

Testing & Analysis Tools

SQL Trace

Run Time Analysis

Extended Program Check

page
24

DATA TYPES AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES

Data Type

Meaning

Initial value

Standard
length

Allowed
length

Packed Number

1-16

Integer

Floating point no.

0.000 . . .

Numeric text

00 . . . 0

1-max

Text

Space

1-max

Date YYYYMMDD

00000000

Time HHMMSS

000000

Hexadecimal

X 00

1-max
page
25

ABAP Key Words

Declaratives (DATA,.)

Events(AT)

Control (IF,...)

Operational (WRITE,)

page
26

Events

Basic List

INITIALIZATION.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON input.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN.

START-OF-SELECTION.

TOP-OF-PAGE.

END-OF-PAGE.

END-OF-SELECTION.

Interactive List

TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE-SELECTION.

AT LINE-SELECTION.

AT USER-COMMAND.

Dialog Programming

PBO (Process before output)

PAI (Process after input)

POV (Process on value request)

POH (Process on help request)

page
27

Additional Features

HIDE TECHNIQUE
- HOTSPOT
- GET CURSOR FIELD < FIELD NAME>

MENU POINTER
- SET PF-STATUS

< LITERAL>

FIELD SYMBOLS.

page
28

Control Break Statements

AT FIRST . ENDAT

AT NEW . ENDAT

AT END . ENDAT

AT LAST . ENDAT

page
29

ABAP Debugger
Break

Points
- Stop the execution of the program at a specific
point
Watch Points
- Stop at a specific value for a field
Single Step (F5)
Execute (F6)
Return (F7)
Continue (F8)

page
30

SUBROUTINES
Syntax:
PERFORM <ROUTINE NAME> USING/CHANGING <PARAMETER>.

FORM <ROUTINE NAME> USING/CHANGING <PARAMETER>

ENDFORM.
Methods:

CALL BY REFERENCE
CALL BY VALUE
CALL BY VALUE AND RETURN

page
31

DIALOG PROGRAMMING
Validation Types:

Automatic field checks

Field level validations

Module level validations

Screen Types:

Normal screen

Sub screen

Dialog screen
Controls:

Table control

Step loops

Tab strips

page
32

Thank you