INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Topic: OPERATING SYSTEM

CONCEPTS
OBJECTIVES

• To define the term Operating

System
• Types of Operating Systems
• The basic functions of Operating
System
GOALS OF
AN OPERATING SYSTEM

• To make the computer system

convenient to use.

• To use the computer hardware in an

efficient manner.
PURPOSE OF AN OPERATING
SYSTEM

The purpose of an operating system is

to provide an environment in which a
user may execute programs.
Abstract view of the components of
a computer system
Users
Application Programs

Operating system

Computer Hardware
WHAT IS AN OPERATING
SYSTEM?

An Operating System is an
interface between user and
hardware of a computer system.
 WHAT IS AN OPERATING
SYSTEM?

An Operating System is a system

software which may be viewed as an
organized collection of software
consisting of procedures for operating a
computer and providing an environment
for execution of programs.
OTHER DEFINITIONS

• An Operating System is a control

program.

• An Operating System can be defined

as a Resource Manager.
Types of Operating System

❚ Embedded Operating System

❚ Stand-alone operating System
❚ Network Operating System
Embedded Operating System

❚ Are used for handheld computers and

smaller devices such as PDAs.
❚ Operating Systems are called
embedded because they are
completely stored within the device in
its ROM memory.
❚ E.g. Windows CE and Palm O.S.
Stand-alone operating System

❚ Also called desktop operating system,

control a single desktop or notebook
computer.
❚ These operating systems are located
on the computer’s hard disk.
❚ E.g. Windows, Mac O.S., and some
version of UNIX.
Network operating System

❚ The Software that enhances a basic

Operating System by adding Networking
Features.
❚ The operating system is located on one of
the computers’ hard disk, called the network
server. This computer coordinates all
communication.
❚ E.g. Netware, Windows NT Server, Windows
2003 Server, and UNIX.
TIMESHARING AND REAL-TIME
SYSTEMS

Timesharing system:
This executes commands of
several users as they are
entered, attempting to provide
each user with a reasonably
short response time to each
command.
TIMESHARING AND REAL-TIME
SYSTEMS

Real-time system:
It is designed to respond
quickly to external signals
such as those generated by
data sensors.
FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM

 Memory management
 Process management
 Device management
 Information management
 Protection
 Error Handling
FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM

 Memory management
 Process management
 Device management
The o/s keeps track of
 Information management
the memory, what parts are
 Protection
in use and by whom.
 Error Handling
FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM

 Memory management
 Process management
 Device management
 Information The o/s keeps track of
management
processors and the status
 Protection of processes. It decides
who will have a chance to
 Error Handling
use the processor.
FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM

 Memory management
 Process management
 Device management
 Information management
 The o/s keeps track of the devices,
Protection
channels, control units and
 Error Handling
decides what is an efficient
way to allocate the device.
FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM
O/S keeps track of the information,
its location, use, status etc.
 Memory management
and decides who gets use
of the resources,
 Process management
enforce protection requirements.
 Device management
 Information management
 Protection
 Error Handling
FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM

 MemoryAnmanagement
o/s is to protect the user
from unauthorized access
 Process management
of his files or data.
 Device management
And also it should protect
 itself from users
Information management
 Protection
 Error Handling
FUNCTIONS OF
OPERATING SYSTEM

 Memory management
An o/s must respond to
 Process management
errors by taking the
 Device management
appropriate actions.
 Information management
 Protection
 Error Handling
FILE CONCEPT

File is a collection of related information.

It is named and is referred by its name.
Files are organized into directories for
easy access.
DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
ROOT D0

D1 D2 D3

F1 D21 F21 D31 F31

D311 F311
CLIENT-SERVER MODEL

User process(client process) sends the

request to a server process, which
when does the work and sends back
the answer.
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE

CLIENT is an application that runs on a

personal computer or on a workstation
and relies on SERVER to perform some
operations such as managing files,
disk drives, printers or network traffic.
SUMMARY:

• Operating system is an essential component of

system software which consists of procedures
for managing computer resources.

• Operating system functions primarily includes

Memory, Process,Device, File management.