SEMINAR REPORT ON

FUEL DILUTION in vt 1710

PRESENTED BY
ANKUR SHARMA
REG NO
1001214226

Introduction
In general cases we found a problem in diesel engines that the life of
engines component is gradually decreasing and one of the most
reasons is fuel dilution.
which can decreases the life of engine components
and change the property of lubricating oil.so understand the
problem of fuel dilution in diesel engine, its effect, causes and how
to
rectify it.

Dilution:There are four supporting systems in order to operate in

diesel engine1.Cooling System
2.Air System
3.Fuel System
4.Lubrication System
Fuel Dilution = Fuel System + Any other system(either more or
less from requirement)
Air Dilution = Air system+ Any other system(either more or
less from requirement)

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF DIESEL ENGINE

Crankcase and Oil Pan

The crankcase is usually located on the bottom of the cylinder block.
The crankcase is defined as the area around the crankshaft
and crankshaft bearings.

Piston and Piston Ring

The piston transforms the energy of the expanding gasses
into mechanical energy
These rings function as the seal between the piston and the
cylinder wall and also act to reduce friction by minimizing the
contact area between the piston and the cylinder wall.

Connecting Rod
The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft

Crankshaft
. The crankshaft transforms the linear motion of the pistons into a rotational motion

that is transmitted to the load. Crankshafts are made of forged steel.

Timing Gears, Camshaft, and Valve Mechanism

In order for a diesel engine to
operate, all of its components must
perform their functions at very
precise intervals in relation to the
motion of the piston. To accomplish
this, a component called a camshaft
is used.
Nearly all diesel engines rely on a
liquid cooling system to transfer
waste called idler gears and timing
gears.
The gears allow the rotation of the
camshaft to correspond or be in time
with, the rotation of the crankshaft
and thereby allow the valve opening,
valve closing, and injection of fuel

Cooling System
Cooling systems consists of a
close loop
.

. Cooling systems is used to

transfer waste
heat out of the block and
internals as
shown in figure.
. Cooling systems contains the
following
major components1. Water pump
2.Radiator or heat exchanger
3. Water jackets(consist of
coolant
passages in the block and
heads)

Air System

. Air is routed from the air cleaner

directly to the intake air manifold.

. Turbocharger and Supercharger force

additional air into the combustion
chamber so the engine can burn more
fuel and develop more horsepower.

Fuel System

. All diesel engine require a method

to store and deliver fuel to the
engine.
. Fuel serves two purposes- One purpose is obviously to
supply the fuel to run the engine.
- Diesel fuel is kept continuously
flowing to act as a coolant to the
injectors and excess fuel routed
back to the fuel storage tank.

Lubrication System

. If moving parts are allowed to

make metal to metal contact engine
would not run for even a few
minutes .
. The oil serves four purposes- Lubricate
- cool
- cleans
- Absorbs shocks(helps to caution
the load)

CAUSES OF FUEL DILUTION

Leaking injectors
Excessive idle time
Incomplete combustion
Cool engine operating conditions
Frequent short trip driving
Performance chips/engine modifications
Restricted air filter/bad air to fuel ratio
Worn piston rings/excessive blow-by
Incorrect choke settings
Fuel pump/over fueling
Seals and gaskets
Improper injector timing

EFFECTS OF FUEL DILUTION

Reduced oil viscosity

Disrupts the oil film strength causing metal asperities

to contact each other promoting engine wear,
particularly in the cylinder/ring area
Increases volatility
Weakened lubricant detergency
Accelerated lubricant oxidation
Varnish formation
Acid formation/corrosion
Low oil pressure

VT1710 Cummins diesel engine- SPECIFICATION

Engine Context- 4 stroke cycle V12

Displacement 28 liters or 1710
CID(cubic inch displacement)
Bore- 5.5 inch or 139.7 mm
Stroke- 6 inch or 152.4 mm
Power- 635 HP (sae) or 434 kw
@2100 rpm
Torque- 1588ft or 2153 Nm @ 2100
rpm
Weight- 3640 kg or 8050 lbs.
Length-71 inch or 1803 mm
Width- 50 inch or 1270 mm
Height- 51 inches 1295mm
Compression ratio- 14.1:1

Ways to find out of diesel dilution

1. Oil level.
2. Physical property of oil(rough check of viscosity)
3. Chemical properties of oil.
4. Rate of dripping of droplets.
5. Sound and stroke condition.
6.Engine blow(fuel is not burnt properly).
7. Smoke condition- Black smoke
- White smoke
- Blue smoke

Rectify The Diesel Dilution

1. TEMPORARY RECTIFICATION

To rectify urgently If fuel dilution is low change the

oil
completely.

2. PARMANENTLY RECTIFICATIONa. SMOKE IDENTIFICATION-

BLACK COLOUR (INJECTOR BEING FAULTY)

AND BLUE SMOKE (MIX WITH LUBRICATING OIL)

b. ENGINE SOUND

c. ENGINE BLOW

ERRATIC SOUND(UNBURNT FUEL+OIL)

CHANGE THE PISTON RING AND CHECK THE INNER
LININGS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS WALLS. GAP
(P.R AND INTERNAL LAYER OF COMB CHAMBER)

d. INTERNAL OBSERVATION- MEASURE TEMP BET EXHAUST PORT AND FUEL

INJECTORS.CHANGE AND CHECK FAULTY INJECTORS OR
ADJUSTMENT SCREW,CAM FOLLOWER AND CAM SHAFT
PUSH TUBE.

CONCLUSION
Starting with the basics of diesel engines to
the parts of diesel engine to systems of diesel
engines was studied by me. As I was preparing
my report in fuel dilution my understanding of
each parts and systems of diesel engine can
improved.

Thank you !