Cabling

What affects the speed of

the bit flow?
Media (copper cable, optical fibre
cabel or radio frequency)
compression and de-compression
error checking (improves quality,
but slows down traffic)

Bandwidth
Bandwidth means the medias
ability to move data.
the rate of data transfer,
throughput or bit rate, measured in
bits per second (bps)
In Ethernet network speeds can be
10, 100, 1000 Mbps, even >10
Gbps

Cabling
Cabling connects hosts (computers)
with each other and network
equipments.
Also called:
media, connecting media,
transmission media

Multiple variations for different kind

of systems

Ethernet cabling
Ethernet is defined in IEEE 802.3 standard
It is a family of networking technologies for
local area networks (LANs).
Includes a wide variation of defenitions for
different media

coaxial cable
twisted pair
optical fibre
wireless
media only, not the cabling

Cabling
Most of the networks
use cables to connect
devices

1.

2.

3.

Belden has listed over

2200 different cables.
(www.belden.com)
Above:
Basic types:
1: thin coax with t-plug
coaxial
twisted pair
optical fibre

2:thin coax
3: twisted pair

coaxial cable
one of the earliest cable types
most common in the eighties
easy to use, flexible, light
more resistant to electromagnetic
disturbancies than twisted pair
Old, out of use

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Twisted pair
Ethernet defiinitions 10Base-T, 100Base-TX,
1000Base-T (and more)
the original was telephone wire
two cables intertwined
twisting smooths possible disturbancies

present cables have four pairs in one cable.

most used is unshielded twisted pair(UTP),
also shielded (STP), and foil covered (FTP)
segment lenght 100 metres
the signal dies away in greater distances

Twisted pair
wires

UTP

Cat 5 UTP

unshielded twisted pair

FTP

plastic cover

foil shielded twisted pair

STP

protective
foil

shielded twisted pair

protective foil or copper wires
braid
each pair shielded from
another

Cat 5 FTP

categories of twisted pair

Cat 1
Cat 2
Cat 3
Cat 4

Cat 5
100 Mbps ,(100 MHz)
uses 2 pairs out of 4

Cat5e
a bit better quality cable (125 MHz)

Cat 6
fast transmission 100-1000 Mbps
uses all four pairs

(250 MHz)

Cat 7
100-1000 Mbps (up to 600 MHz), STP

CAT7

plugs
RJ-11- telephone plug

RJ-45 network plug

RJ-45 connector
straight cable
from host (NIC)to network equipment.
T568A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Workstation

Hub

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

RJ-45 connector
T568A

crossover

connector

T568B

1
host to host or
network equipment to 2
3
network equipment

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

4
5
6
7
8

Workstation

Workstation

Hub

Hub

http://www.littlewhitedog.com/reviews_other_00009.asp

Components
To help implement
large cabling systems
patch panels
connectors
wall plugs

Network Interface card NIC

RJ-45 connector most
common
Term Combo is for
combination cards
where more than one
connector
RJ-45

AUI

BNC

Twisted pair/
Ethernet

ethernet or Ehternet
fibre

Optical fiber cable

In Ethernet: 10Base-F, 100BaseFX,
1000Base-LX...
Single mode fiber
great distances, point-to-point

Multi mode fiber

LANs, shorter distances

Most common in LANs is multi mode

type 62,5/125 m
62,5 diameter of the core
125 diameter of the cover

Optical cables
Glass fibre core and
covering
nopeus 100 Mbps 10
Gbps and more
light impulses carry on
multiple km

A cable has multiple fibre

cores, usually four or eight

Multiple different connectors

Sending
signal

Advancing
light
Sending
signal

MULTI MODE FIBRE

Coating

Core
SINGLE MODE FIBRE
Coating

Core

Receiving
signal

Variation
Receiving
signal

Dense Wavelenght-Division
Multiplexing
With DWDM the capacity of optical fibre
dataflow can be remarkably increased. It
allows the use of up to 80 data channels to
be used in one optical fibre cable by using
different wavelenghts.
Each data transmission is coded in one of
the wavelenghts (colours). Multiple colours
are combined together in the cable.

Dense Wavelenght-Division
Multiplexing

http://www.kvh.co.jp

Already in
2006:
More than
40 Gbp/s
Over 1000
km
Currently:

Advantages of fibre
optical fibre is less expensive (per bit)
faster transmission rates
economical in long scale (no need for
new cabling when changing to faster
speeds)
Less disturbancies, electrical,
magnetic..

Advantages of copper
The ability to carry electricity
wired phones function during electric
blocks
PoE, Power over Ethernet

Easier to handle, no special

equipments to implement
Traditional and tested

Nowadays cabling:
workstations connected with twisted
pair
core cabling with optical cable
no coax
speeds 100, 1000 Mbps for
workstations, in core up to 10Gbps

Yleiskaapelointi
(structural cabling)
EN 50173

Structural cabling
Standard EN50173
Generic cabling systems
European standard which defines
general requirements for for generic
cabling

Good cabling
Follows standard EN 50173
Modular structure
easy to expand.
cables should sserve more than 10 years

Documented
cables, devices, locations.

Measuring logs
Markings
Wall plugs, patch panels

Complete
enough connections 4-5 pro person

http://www.networkmagazineindia.com/200205/krone2.shtml